734 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
November 7 
field with a harrow and pull out the tubers that were 
covered. The Carman No. 1 yielded at the rate of 
475 bushels to the acre—all of good size with very few 
so small as to be unmarketable. In the same field, 
were grown State of Maine, Carman No. 3, Early Rose 
and Green Mountain, but none of them yielded as 
heavily as Carman No. 1. 
In a general way, this is a brief outline of the 
methods employed to produce the famous “Long 
Island” potatoes. The majority of growers would 
not use any manure, but would use more fertilizer. 
Let us suppose that Mr. P. had sowed Crimson clover 
in the corn in August, 1895, and secured a fair catch. 
If it made a fair growth up to Christmas, there would 
have been no need of using the manure, and it would 
have been available for other crops. The chances 
are more than even that the use of the stable 
manure made that hand hoeing necessary by bringing 
grass and weed seeds into the field. In Delaware, 
farmers have found that Crimson clover cleans the 
land by preventing the sprouting of weed seeds. We 
also think that it would pay to give this field a more 
thorough working before planting. Our observation 
has been that, where large quantities of chemical 
fertilizers are used, we have usually found farmers 
too careless about the preparation of the soil, just as 
we have often found them careless about the saving 
of stable manure. Where fertilizers are heavily used, 
tillage should be increased, for we must look to a 
thorough working of the soil to give much of the 
opening and loosening effect that is produced by 
manure. 
We will add that the usual plan with Long Island 
farmers is to follow the potatoes with small grain, 
and a seeding with Timothy, with clover added in 
the spring. This grass is cut two or three years, and 
the ground then plowed for corn. It would, doubt¬ 
less, pay them to follow Mr. Clark’s plan, and leave 
out the grain. 
SOUTHERN PEACH TREES AT THE NORTH. 
WILL THEY PROVE HARDY ? 
When peach trees from the South arc planted In latitudes north 
of New York, Is their health often seriously impaired by the 
change in climate, soil, etc. ? Are they, like animals, subject to 
particular disorders during acclimatization after being trans¬ 
ferred from one locality to another ? 
Not Conclusive Evidence. 
The only experience I have had in planting peach 
trees from the South in latitudes north of New York, 
was in the year 1892, when about 50 peach trees from 
Delaware were planted at our experiment station. 
The trees made a poor growth during the season, and 
though well covered during the winter of 1892-’93, but 
two of them came out alive in the spring of 1893, both 
Crawford’s Early. These two trees underwent a mis¬ 
erable existence for three seasons thereafter, and 
though well covered every winter, were badly worsted, 
and were finally removed,as they were considered hope¬ 
less. IIow much of this failure was due to the southern 
birthplace of the trees, I would not undertake to 
say ; but I think it far more probable that the failure 
resulted from the dry summer and autumn follow¬ 
ing the planting. e. s. goff. 
Wisconsin Experiment Station. 
No “ Yellows ” in Southern Trees. 
For some years, I have been annually bringing 
thousands of peach trees from Georgia, not only for 
my own planting in Connecticut, but also to supply a 
portion of my nursery trade throughout the north¬ 
ern States. I have done this to insure establishing 
an orchard free from the yellows, and so far, while 
escaping the yellows, I have never noted any lack of 
vigor or healthfulness in the trees in any other par¬ 
ticulars. My own opinion, based on a good many years 
of tree planting, is that, so far as well-known, tested 
varieties are concerned, it matters little with their 
vigor or hardiness where they are originally propa¬ 
gated. A Baldwin apple tree, or an Oldmixon peach 
propagated in Canada, New York, Virginia, or Geor¬ 
gia, if propagated under like conditions, will do just as 
well in Connecticut as a tree originally propagated 
here, and as we are pretty sure to start free from 
the Yellows by using southern-grown peach trees, I 
think that we are safe in advising their planting in 
preference to any others. J. h. iiaee. 
Connecticut. 
Valuable Experience in Canada. 
I have such trees planted, from Texas, New Jersey, 
Alabama, Missouri, Connecticut, Ohio, Michigan, New 
York, Illinois, and several different locations in 
Canada. I can see no difference in regard to their 
hardiness on aceount of location. There is, often, a 
great difference in the vitality of the trees procured 
from different sections ; this is owing to the way in 
vhich the trees have been grown and the new wood 
ripened. If the trees have been grown on very rich 
land, they grow too late in the fall, and do not ripen 
tbeir wood in good shape. Such trees are not likely 
to do well, no matter where they have been grown. 
When trees are grown in the North, and left to stand 
in the nursery row, they are often injured by the 
severe cold of winter, and sometimes, by a coating of 
ice on top of the snow. When injured by the former, 
the portion of the tree most liable to be hurt is the 
trunk a few inches above ground to, or nearly to, the 
branches. If you examine a tree thus injured, in the 
spring, you will find that portion quite dry, and the 
wood more or less discolored, while near the root and 
the branches, it is not injured. If peach trees are 
procured in the fall, no matter whether they come 
from the North or South, they should be heeled in on 
a high, dry soil, put in at an angle of about 45 degrees, 
and covered up half way on the branches. The pack¬ 
ages should be opened, the trees spread out and the 
soil well filled in among the roots and tramped quite 
firm. Care should be taken to keep the roots from 
drying while out of the ground, and well protected 
from frost. When trees are thus handled, there will 
be few failures, as they will not be exposed to extreme 
changes. 
To sum up, peach trees should be grown on moder¬ 
ately rich soil, well cultivated early in the season (to 
encourage early growth), and cultivation discontinued 
about mid-summer to ripen the wood. If grown south, 
they must be protected from sun scald during winter, 
and if grown north, from sun scald and severe cold. 
If the tree can be kept in good condition through the 
winter, no matter where grown, it will be all right 
when planted and acclimated perfectly in one summer. 
Leamington, Canada. w. w. hii.born. 
One Point in their Favor. 
Our experience with peach trees grown south of 
New Jersey has been limited. We have set trees 
grown in the State of Delaware, only during the past 
three or four years. These have made as vigorous and 
healthy a growth, as those grown in northern New 
Jersey or central New York. As yet, they show no 
signs of weakness or tendency to disease. The 
crucial test of a peach tree, as, in fact, of all kinds of 
fruit trees, comes the season after having borne a 
heavy crop of fruit. From present appearances, our 
Delaware-grown trees seem as likely to endure this 
test as those grown elsewhere. We have also noticed 
a point in their favor. Last winter was unusually 
hard on trees in the northern nurseries. Most of 
those we set from central New York, although 
severely pruned, started near the ground ; while those 
from Delaware made a good growth the whole length 
of the tree, thus indicating that the severity of the 
cold weather last winter had weakened the buds at 
the North, and had not affected those trees that were 
grown in the South. w. d. rarns & son. 
Orange County, N. Y. 
T. T. Lyon's Impression. 
Although I have received, and have had growing 
upon the experiment station premises here, during 
the last eight or ten years, peach trees from Missouri, 
Georgia, Texas, and other southern States, alternat¬ 
ing with others received from various eastern, west¬ 
ern and northern localities, I have been unable, so 
far, to discover any differences among them, in vigor, 
health or productiveness, in any way traceable to the 
change of climate or locality. Some 30 or 40 years 
ago, while living in eastern Michigan, I received (in 
scion) a large number of varieties of apples, from the 
extreme South, which were grafted in an orchard 
containing 200 or 300 varieties of our well-known 
eastern and northern varieties. I have never known 
one of these southern varieties to be injured from 
climatic causes, even under conditions which sadly 
decimated our Baldwins, Roxburys and other eastern 
varieties. From both experience and observation, I 
have acquired the impression, not to say conviction, 
that, through a more perfect ripening or other cause, 
the protracted warmth of the southern seasons is 
conducive to hardiness rather than otherwise. 
Michigan. 
Too Tender for the “Cold North/’ 
My experience with planting peach and other fruit 
trees, also forest trees, is that such trees, nursery- 
grown in more southern latitudes, are not nearly as 
safe for planting at any considerable distance further 
north than where grown, or where the winter’s cold 
is more intense, or where soil and climatic conditions 
are materially different. They are more frequently 
severely injured or killed outright in the first or 
second winter after being planted, than the same 
varieties nursery-grown near by in similar soil and 
climate. Even though the first winter or two after 
they are planted, be mild and favorable, they seldom 
become so thrifty and healthy. I have seen trees of 
Oldenburg apple, which is about the hardiest variety 
I know, that were brought from central Illinois, and 
set in southern Minnesota, that were killed to the snow 
line the first winter after planting, when home-grown 
trees of the same age and variety, did not-show any 
injury. The peach, being scarcely hardy in New 
York, I think, could be safe’y advanced but a 
short distance further north at any one time, and 
trees produced in States further south, would be very 
much more likely to have their health seriously im¬ 
paired by such a change. 
The only correct principle for acclimating trees or 
plants to a colder region, is to produce them from 
seeds matured in the most northern limits where they 
succeed, and advance them very slowly through selec¬ 
tion of seed from the hardiest and best adapted. It 
is true that Black walnut, catalpa and some fruit 
trees procured from southern nurseries, if they are 
not too severely injured in the first and second winter 
after planting, do appear to get more hardy, and 
endure the climate better in after years. To pro¬ 
cure trees for orchard planting that have been 
propagated and raised near home, is always a safe 
rule, and if al ways followed, we would have healthier 
and better orchards at a great saving of cost in money. 
Minnesota. j. s. Harris. 
BLOODED POTATOES IN THE WEST. 
Like C. II. D., in The R. N.-Y. of October 17, I in¬ 
vested, in March, 1895, in some “ blooded potatoes,” 
paying S3 for a half-peck of Carman No. 3, and $1 for 
four pounds of Carman No. 1. I did not. likeC. H. D., 
tell my neighbors of the cost, for I feared that they 
would laugh at me. I now have in my cellar, as the 
result of my venture, 150 bushels of Carmans that 
are perfect beauties in every respect. I could easily 
dispose of them at $1 per bushel to any one who sees 
them, though potatoes on the market are but 25 and 
30 cents. Twenty-one of the largest made a half 
bushel. I tested them this year alongside of the other 
leading new sorts, and here is the result: 
Number of Bushels per Acre by Exact Measurement. 
Carman No 3 CM ro-vs). 
Brst row, at the rate of... 500 
Averatre of all. 424 
Livingston's Banner (8 rows). 
Best row. 500 
Average of all. 409 
Mammoth Rose (3 rows). 
Best row... 500 
Average of all. 424 
Carman No. 1 (16 rows). 
Best row, at the rate of... 420 
Average of all. 368 
R. N -Y. No. 2 (2 rows). 
Best row. 340 
Average of all. 340 
Irish Daisy (1 row). 120 
Burpee’s Oreat Divide (I r.) 240 
Salzer’s Hundredfold (1 r.). 160 
The test was as impartial and thorough as we could 
make it, and the ground and potatoes were accurately 
measured. The seed was planted in June, in well- 
prepared ground, which was low and rich, but had 
never been fertilized. The rows were opened three 
feet apart, with a lister, and the potatoes were cov¬ 
ered with a “planker”. All culture was by means of 
a Z. Breed weeder, once a week, or oftener, till the 
vines were across the rows. 
As to quality, the Carman No. 1 stands first, with 
the No. 3 a close second. Of the others, the Banner 
and R. N.-Y. No. 2 would come next, followed by the 
Mammoth Rose. The remaining ones are of poor 
quality with me ; they may do better elsewhere. The 
first five on the list are all very smooth, large and 
handsome in appearance, and would sell anywhere 
on their looks, even before being tested to bring out 
the point of extra quality. 
There has been some dispute in The R. N.-Y. con¬ 
cerning the Banner, some claiming it to be identical 
with the Carman No. 3. With me, it closely re¬ 
sembles The R. N.-Y. No. 2 in size, shape, and qual¬ 
ity, but has a slight advantage in yield. In manner 
of growth, it looks the same. The Carmans seem to 
be as near perfect potatoes as we have, and will prove 
a grand bonanza to potato growers, henry field. 
Page County, Iowa. 
ONE WOMAN’S P0ULTRYH0USE. 
PRACTICAL, IDEAL, CHEAP. 
The proud day at last came when the pullets of last 
fall had paid for the original cost of stock, appli¬ 
ances, fences, feed, etc., and had credit enough to pay 
for two new houses, if need were. For the first time, 
a chance to have a house that should not be a make¬ 
shift ! But it must not cost one cent more than neces¬ 
sity compelled I With lumber high, and labor higher, 
the expense was sure to be heavy enough. 
This expense, however, was cut down as much as 
possible by making the house small, and putting the 
rest of the space usually inclosed into a scratching 
shed. A Gx8-foot house gives only about two square 
feet to each of 25 fowls ; but with a 12-foot shed 
adjoining, the space per fowl is increased to five square 
feet. And surely they will thrive better with the 
fresh air which this insures, than if they were allotted 
the same space within close walls ! 
The house itself is but three feet high at the back, 
seven feet at the front. This gives a fine pitch to the 
roof, and seems to break the force of blasts of wind 
to a wonderful degree. It faces nearly east, and the 
well pitched shed catches all the sunshine there is 
going until some time after noon, while the single 
window at the south gives sunshine for the rest of 
the day. The door is under the shed, at the front, 
and, opening outward, helps .break the windj when it 
