1896 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
857 
Horse Shoe Farm Notes. — Continued. 
from further north. The young tree is cut off, not 
over two feet from the ground, and the branches, 
instead of growing out straight, are branching 
outward and upward. Pears and plums are se¬ 
verely pruned while young, and are low, bushy, 
and the fruit is easily reached. I have often 
been told that plum and pear trees should not be 
trimmed much, or the top shaped, but it seems to 
be all right here. The raspberries and blackber¬ 
ries are cut back in spring so much that it would 
seem as though there would be no crop, and being 
in hills, the ground is left exposed to the sun. In 
answer to the question, “Why do you trim so 
close,” the growers answered, “To make the fruit 
ripen earlier.” Cultivation as early as possible, 
and no mulching, aid also. The scramble is to 
see who can get the fruit into market first. Here, 
as everywhere else, only those who are up to date 
are succeeding. c. e. chapman. 
THE NEW YORK DAIRYMEN 
held their 20th annual convention at Delhi, 
December 8 to 10. It was said to have been one 
of the most successful meetings held since their 
organization. The attendance was not large, but 
a good degree of interest was manifested. It was 
presided over by the vice-president, Dr. L. L. 
Van Slyke of the Geneva Station, in the absence 
of the president. The address of the president, 
A. C. Thompson, was read by the vice-president. 
In it he referred to the low prices of dairy prod- 
ducts for the past year, and ascribed them to 
underconsumption rather than to overproduc¬ 
tion, on account of the decreased ability to pur¬ 
chase, of the laboring classes. He emphasized 
the need of giving more time and thought to re¬ 
ducing the cost of producing dairy products. 
The products of the dairy in the past 20 years, 
have increased more than fourfold, and now 
amount to not less than $650,000,000 annually. He 
advocated Government aid for the education of 
the dairyman, as this is what other countries are 
doing. 
Prof. H. E. Alvord, chief of the dairy division of 
the United States Department of Agriculture, 
spoke of the difficulties and competition encoun¬ 
tered by the dairyman. The dairy belt has been 
largely extended, especially into the South and 
West. The quality of the western products, 
especially of the Pacific coast, is good. The cost 
of production in these localities is low. Notwith¬ 
standing all this, prices held up on butter, cheese 
and milk better than those of any other farm 
products. 
Prof. H. H. Wing, of Cornell University, referred 
to the better future of the dairyman because of 
better education. Twenty years ago, there was 
little machinery; now there are separators and 
all modern implements. Current dairy literature 
is better than that for any other line of business. 
Still, he believes that the best instruction could 
not be given that way, and he advised all young 
men to attend the institutes and dairy schools. 
Geo. T. Powell, the treasurer, sent a paper on 
The Future of Our Dairy Interests. He urged the 
necessity of reorganization, readjustment, and 
more education and study along the entire line of 
business. The production of butter per capita 
has been largely increased, while the purchasing 
power of the people has been decreased. The pro¬ 
duction throughout the year should be equalized. 
The product should be as evenly distributed as 
possible. Much stored butter is badly injured, 
and the loss generally falls upon the producer. 
Winter dairying would help to change these con¬ 
ditions, give the consumers better quality, and 
thus stimulate increased consumption. More 
dairymen should visit the markets and see their 
products sold. The future of New York dairying 
has in it some serious problems. Competition 
from the new dairy regions of the country has 
not yet come in its fullest strength. Western rail¬ 
road officials are attending the dairy meetings, 
to study the development of the industry, which 
shows that the great western product will be put 
on our markets at the least possible cost. New 
York dairymen must study the cost of produc¬ 
tion. The finest quality will lead in the future. 
The small, second-class creameries must go. The 
low-producing cows must be eliminated. Foreign 
markets for our surplus are an important factor. 
With an agricultural college within our own 
State; with a dairy building, equipment and in¬ 
structors second to none in our own or any other 
country; with good soil, abundance of pure 
water, transportation facilities and markets at 
our own door, such as possessed by no other 
State or country in the world, there is no good 
reason why our dairy interests ought not to be 
counted among our leading and greatest indus¬ 
tries, our dairymen be highly prosperous, and in 
addition our position in foreign markets as 
strong and prominent as rightfully should be 
commanded by the Empire State. 
Mr. Jared Van Wagenen Jr., made an address 
upon The Primary Laws of Breeding, which elic¬ 
ited considerable discussion. 
Mr. H. E. Cook made a report on Our Cheese 
Industry. He attributes the small consumption 
of cheese in this country to the fact that Ameri¬ 
cans do not want a hard, salt cheese, such as the 
British trade demands, but they want a soft, 
mild, rich cheese of small size; and he advised 
CHALLENGE FEED MILL. 
For full information about the 
best Feed-mills, Horse powers. 
Threshers, Clover-hullers, Fan 
ning-mills, Circular-saw Machines, 
Land-rollers and Dog-powers, send 
for Fearless Catalogue. 
For Fodder-cutters, Carriers and 
Drag-saw Machines, and for in¬ 
formation showing “Why Ensi¬ 
lage Pays,” send for Ensilage 
Catalogue. Address, 
niKiKlt II ARHKBLCobJeskilJ. N v 
makers to look into the wants of home consumers 
more closely. He thought the conditions unusu¬ 
ally favorable for the manufacture of cheese in 
this State, but the industry had suffered from the 
filled-cheese fraud and was still suffering from 
skim-cheese. 
There were a number of other interesting 
papers and addresses, and much discussion 
which should prove helpful. The following 
officers were elected: President, L. L. VanSlyke, 
Geneva; vice-president, Frank E. Shaw, Dun¬ 
kirk; secretary, B. D. Gilbert, Clayville; treas¬ 
urer, Geo. T. Powell, Ghent. 
“ Brown’s Bronchial Troches ” are unequaled 
for clearing the voice. Public speakers and 
singers the world over use them.”— Adv. 
MARKETS. 
Saturday, December 19. 1896. 
BUTTEB—NEW. 
Creamery, Western, extras . 
Western, firsts. 
Western, seconds.. 
Western, thirds.. 
State, fanoy. 
Common to prime. 
State dairy, half-firkin tubs, fancy 
Firsts.*. 
Seoonds . 
Welsh tubs, fancy.. 
Welsh tubs, firsts. 
Welsh tubs, seconds. 
Tubs, thirds. 
Western imitation creamery, firsts. 
8eoonds. 
Western dairy, firsts. 
Seconds . 
Thirds. 
Factory, fancy.. 
Factory, firsts. 
Factory, seconds. 
Factory, thirds. 
Bolls, fresh. 
Old butter. 
.21 @2114 
.19 @20 
.17 @18 
.14 @15 
.20 @— 
. 14 @19 
.1814 @19 
.15 @16 
.13 @14 
.18 @— 
.13 @16 
.13 @— 
.11 @12 
.14 @15 
.11 @12 
.12 @13 
. 9 @10 
. 8 @ 814 
.1114@12 
. 9 @11 
. 814@ 9 
. 7 @ 8 
.10 @15 
. 5 @ 8 
EGGS. 
Near-by,new laid,fancy, selected,per doz 24 @ — 
State, fresh gathered, average best. 23 @ — 
Penn., country marks, average best. 23 @ — 
State and Penn., fair to good. 21 @ 22 
Western, northerly sections, fancy. 21 @ 22 
Western, fair to good. 20 @ 21 
Western refrigerator, prime, early pkd. 17 ® — 
Western refrigerator, fair to good. 15 @ 1514 
Western limed, choice. 15 @ — 
Western dirties, per 30-doz case.3 50 @4 00 
Western checks, per 30-doz case.3 00 @3 50 
FBOIT8—GREEN 
Apples, Baldwin, per bbl. .1 00@l 12 
Fall Pippin, per bbl. —@ — 
Greening, per bbl..'.1 00@1 12 
King, per bbl .1 00@1 75 
N. Spy, per bbl. 75@1 12 
Pound Sweet, per bbl.1 00@1 25 
Lady Apples, per keg.1 60@2 25 
Nearby, open heads and common, ner bbl 50@ 70 
Cranberries, Cape Cod, extra large, per bbl.5 00@6 10 
Fancy, per bbl.4 50@5 00 
Good to prime, per bbl.3 00@4 00 
Defective, per bbl.2 00@3 00 
Per crate.1 25@1 37 
Jersey, per crate .1 10@1 50 
Jersey, per bbl.4 00@4 75 
Grapes, West'n N.Y., Catawba, per small bkt. 8@ 11 
West’n N. Y., Concord, per small basket. 7 @ 8 
Wine grapes, black in bulk, per lb. 1%@ 1 H 
Wine grapes, white, in bulk, per lb. —@ — 
Wine grapes, red, in bulk, per lb. 1J4@ 2 
Pears, Clairgeau, per bbl.3 00@4 00 
Duchess, per bbl.2 00@3 CO 
Anjou, per bbl.2 50@3 75 
Vicar, per bbl. —@ — 
Swan’s Orange, per bbl. —@ — 
Keiffer, per bbl.2 50@3 50 
Lawrence, per bbl.2 50@3 60 
Nearby cooking, per bbl. —@ — 
Oranges, Florida, per box.2 50@4 00 
Tangerines, Fla., per box.10 00@12 00 
Mandarins, Fla., per box. 5 00@ 7 00 
GAME. 
Quail, choice, large, per doz.1 60@1 80 
Small, per doz. 50@1 25 
Woodcock, average, per pair. 75@1 00 
Partridges, nearby, per pair. 90@1 00 
Western, undrawn, prime, per pair. 75@ 80 
Western, drawn, prime, per pair.... 50@ 60 
Prairie chickens, per pair.1 35@1 40 
Grouse, Western, prime, per pair.1 26@1 40 
Grouse and partridges, inferior, per pair ... 25@ 40 
English snipe, choice, per doz.1 75@2 25 
Plover, golden, choice, per doz.2 00@2 50 
Babbits, per pair. 18@ 20 
Wild ducks, canvas, choice heavy, per pair.3 00@3 60 
Bed heads, per pair.2 00@2 25 
Mallards, per pair. 40@ 85 
Blue wing, teal, per pair. 40@ 50 
Teal, green wing, per pair. 25® 30 
Common, per pair. 20@ 25 
Venison, per lb. 17@ 18 
Whole deer, per lb. 10@ 12 
GBAIN. 
Wheat.86?4@87>4 
Bye.41 @43 
Barley feeding.27J4@28 
Barley malting.36 @42 
Buckwheat, silver. 35 @38 
Buckwheat, Japan.35 @38 
Corn.28 @2854 
Oats.21J4@2154 
GBASS SEED. 
Clover, per 100 lbs .. 6 60@ 9 00 
Timothy. 2 85@ 3 75 
HOPS. 
N. Y. State, crop of 1896, choice. 13 @— 
Medium to prime.11 @12 
Crop of 1895, choice.7>6@— 
Medium to prime. 5)4@ 6J4 
Crop of 1894, fancy.— @— 
Prime.— @— 
Medium.— @— 
Common.— @— 
Old olds.. 2 @ 4)4 
Pacific Coast, crop of 1896, choice.13 @— 
Crop of 1896, medium to prime.11 @12 
Crop of 1895, choice. 7 @ 7)4 
Prime.6 @ 7 
Medium. 5 @— 
Crop of 1894, common.— @— 
German, 1895.— @— 
German, 1896.23 @33 
MEATS—DBE88HD. 
Veals, country dressed, prime, per lb.... 9 @ 9)4 
Fair to good, per lb. 8 @ 8)4 
Com. to med., per lb. 6 @ 714 
8mall, per lb.. .. 4J4@ 514 
Buttermilks. 514® 614 
Grassers. 4J4@ 614 
Pork, country dressed, 10 to 25 lbs., per lb 7 @ 9 
40 to 60 lbs., per lb . 6 @ — 
60 to 80 lbs., per lb. 614@ 6 
80 to 120 lbs., per lb. 6 @ 514 
125 lbs and up, per lb. 4 @ 414 
POULTBY—LIVE. 
Spring chickens, per lb.*. 514@ 6 
Fowls, local, per lb. 8)4® 9 
Western, per lb. 7 @ 9 
Bouthern, per lb. 7 @ 714 
Boosters, old, per lb. 5J4@ 6 
Turkeys, mixed, per lb. 8 @ 9 
Ducks, local, per pair. 70 @ 90 
Western, per pair. 65 @ 80 
Southern, per pair. 60 @ 66 
Geese, local, per pair.1 25 @1 75 
Western, per pair.1 12 @1 50 
Southern, per pair.1 00 @ — 
Pigeons, old, per pair. 20 @ — 
Young, per pair. 15 @ 
DBESSED POULTBY. 
Turkeys, old, mixed weights, per lb. 10 @ — 
Young, dry-picked, per lb. 1014© 12 
Young, scalded, per lb. 10 @ — 
Young. Inferior, per lb. 7 @ 10 
Dry packed, fancy, per lb. 13 © 14 
Dry packed. Western fancy, per lb.. 12 @ 13 
Spring cmckens, Phil., selected, per lb... 12 @ 13 
Philadelphia, poor to good, per lb... 9 @ 11 
State & Penn., good to prime, per lb. 7 @ 8 
Jersey, prime, per lb. .... 814® 9)4 
Western, dry-picked, good to choice. 7)4@ — 
Western, dry-picked, inferior .. 6 @ 8 
Western, scalded, choice, large. 7 © 7J4 
Fowls, Western, dry-picked, choice. 714® 8 
State & Penn., good to prime, oer lb. 7 @ 8 
Old cocks, per lb. 6 @ — 
Spring ducks, Eastern, per lb. — @ — 
8pring ducks, L. I., per lb. — @ — 
Spring ducks, Penn, and Va., per lb. — @ — 
Spring ducks, Western, fancy, per lb... 12 @ 13 
Geese, Maryland, per lb. 10 @ 11 
Old ducks, Western, per lb. 7 @ 8 
Spring geese, Western, per lb. 9 @ 10 
Bquabs, tame, white, per doz.2 00 @2 25 
Mixed lots, per doz.1 50 @1 75 
Dark and poor, per doz.1 25 @ — 
HONEY. 
State, white clover, comb, fancy, per lb.12 @1214 
Buckwheat, comb, per lb. 8 @9 
White clover, extracted, per lb.5 @514 
Buckwheat, extracted, per lb . .4 @4)4 
California, comb, fair to prime, per lb.. ...— @— 
Extracted, per lb. 6 @6)4 
Southern, in bulk, per gallon. . .50 @— 
VEGETABLES. 
Cabbage, L. I„ per 100.2 00@3 50 
Bed, per 100 . 2 60@4 00 
Bed, per bbl. 56® 65 
Carrots, per bbl. 60@ 75 
Cauliflower, poor to prime, per bbl. 50@3 00 
Fancy, per bbl. —@ — 
Celery, fancy, large, per doz. 30@ 50 
Average, prime, per doz. 20@ 25 
Small, per doz. 8@ 15 
Local, per doz flat bunches . 50@ 75 
Cucumbers, Florida, per crate.1 00@2 00 
Egg plant, Florida, per )4-bbl box.1 00@1 60 
Florida, per bbl.2 0003 00 
Lettuce, Boston, per doz. 20® 50 
Local, per bbl. —® — 
Norfolk, per bbl basket. —@ — 
Charleston, per basket. —@ — 
Florida, per !4-bbl basket. ....1 00@2 25 
New Orleans, per bbl. —@ — 
Onions, Eastern white, per bbl.3 00@5 60 
Eastern red, per bbl.2 60@2 75 
Eastern yellow, per bbl.1 75@2 26 
Orange County white, per bag .2 00@4 50 
Orange County yellow, per bag.1 25@2 00 
Orange County, red, per bag.1 25®2 50 
Jersey and Long Island yellow, per bbl.. —@ — 
Jersey and Long Island red, per bbl .... —@ — 
Jersey and Long Island white, per bbl... —@ — 
State and Western yellow, per bbl.2 00@2 25 
State and Western red, per bbl. —@ — 
Pumpkins, per 100.8 00@14 00 
Spinach. Norfolk, per bbl. —@ — 
Baltimore, per bbl. — ® — 
Squash, Marrow, per bbl.1 00@1 25 
Hubbard, per bbl.1 00@ — 
Florida, per crate. 50@l 00 
8trlng beans. Norfolk, per half bbl basket.. —© — 
Charleston, green, per bushel basket.... —@ — 
Charleston, wax, per bushel basket. —@ — 
Florida, per bushel basket.1 60@2 25 
Florida, freight, per crate..1 00@2 00 
Turnips, Jersey and L. I. Bussia. per bbl.... 50@ 60 
Canada, per bbl. 60@ 65 
MILK AND CBEAM. 
The total daily supply has been 20,644 cans of milk, 
167 cans of condensed milk and 420 cans of cream. 
The average price paid for the surplus on the plat¬ 
forms has been *1.50 a can of 40 quarts. 
ABORTION (Slinring) IN COWS. 
Prof. Henry E. Alvord, one of the best known 
agriculturists in America (when director of 
the Maryland Agricultural Experiment 
Station), in a letter tells how he treated this 
disease. 
Agbicultukal College P. O , Md., De¬ 
cember 26, 1890. 
Dear Sirs : The following statement of 
facts is sent you for what it is worth. 
There was certainly an epidemic of abor¬ 
tion in the herd of dairy cows here 
under my charge. We used your Kow 
Kure, and we have apparently got rid 
of the abortion. My previous experi¬ 
ence with this trouble has been such 
that I don’t feel able to say the powders 
stopped it, but the facts here strongly 
favor that assumption. 
During the years 1888 and 1889 there 
were ten (10) abortions here on the Agri¬ 
cultural College Farm, and but three (3) 
calves were dropped on time and lived. 
In January, 1890, at the suggestion of 
Mr. A. I. Hayward, we obtained some 
of your Kow-Kure, and began using it 
as a preventive of abortion. During 
this year we have had eight (8) live 
calves, and good ones, and but one case 
of abortion. This one case was late in 
the season, and a heifer; this animal had 
refused to eat her grain when the pow¬ 
ders were mixed in it, and thinking the 
disease had disappeared, we made no 
special effort to get her to take the medi¬ 
cine. We have a purebred Ayrshire 
that aborted (first calf) in 1888, and 
again in 1889 ; she is now carrying her 
calf well, and is within a few days of 
her right period of calving. 
Very respectfully yours, 
HENKY r E. Alvobd. 
Seven years of careful trial have 
proven this article to be a success. 
Thousands of dairymen pronounce it the 
best cow medicine made. It goes to the 
seat of the trouble, the blood, as well as 
acting directly upon the womb. 
Kow-Kure is a medicine and not a 
food and for cows only. It was former¬ 
ly called “ Jersey Tonic Powder.” 
It cures abortion, barrenness and re¬ 
tained afterbirth. It makes rich blood 
and increases the flow of milk. Send 
two-cent stamp for our little book, 
“ The Cow.” 
Kow-Kure comes in three-pound cans 
and sells for $1 per can. There is enough 
medicine in one can to treat one cow 
from five to eight weeks. One can is 
often worth $25 to a dairyman. If your 
merchant does not keep it send to Daiby 
Medicine Co., Lyndonville, Vt.— Adv. 
GARNER & CO., 
Produce Commission Merchants, 
51 LITTLE 12th ST., NEW YORK. 
We have an extra demand for CHOICE CBEAMEBY 
BDTTEB, CHOICE CHEE8E, FANCY LKGHOBN 
EGGS, and FINE DBESSED TUBKEYS, GEESE and 
DUCKS. Shipping Cards and Stencils on application. 
Beference: Gansevoort Bank. 
WM.H. COHEN & CO., 
Commission Merchants, 
229 and 231 Washington 8treet, New York. 
OUR SPECIALTIES: 
Game, 
1 Poultry, 
Mushrooms, 
Furs, 
1 Calves, 
Nuts, 
Ginseng, 
| Hothouse Lambs, | 
Live Quail. 
JELLIFFE, WRIGHT & CO.. 
Produce Commission Merchants, 
BUTTER, EGGS AND POULTRY, 
284 Washington Street. New York. 
Dressed Meats: 22, 24 and 26 Grace Avenue West 
Washington Market. 
Live Stock: Union Stock Yards, foot of West 60th St 
Befer to Irving National Bank. 
SOMERS, BROTHER & CO. 
PITTSBURGH, PA. 
Fruits and Produce 
Beceive and sell, in car load lots and smaller 
quantit i es, all Products of the Orchard, Garden^ 
Dairy, Hennery and. Farm. 
Bend for our little book, “Suggestions to Shippers,” Market 
Reports, Special References, Stencils, etc., all free. 
Inquiries and Correspondence I nvited. 
OUR RURAL BOOKS. 
Any Book on this List will he forwarded 
promptly on receipt of price. 
Accidents and Emergencies. 
G. G. Groff, M, D. What to Do In—Home 
Treatment of—What to Do ’till the Doctor 
Comes. Sunstroke, poisoning, broken bones, 
cuts, bites of mad dogs, insects, snakes, etc., 
freezing, bruises, burns, choking, colic, 
drowning, exhaustion, explosion, suffocation 
by gases; what to do in storms, being stunned, 
wounds, etc.20 
A Fortune in two Acres. 
Fred Grundy. This is a story of how a work¬ 
man In a small market town gained inde¬ 
pendence and a fortune on two acres. 
Paper.20 
Chemicals and Clover. 
H. W. Collingwood. A concise and practical 
discussion of the all-important topic of com 
mercial fertilizers, in connection with green 
manuring, in bringing up worn-out soils, and 
in general farm practice. Paper.20 
Country Roads. 
I. P. Roberts and others. Expert opinions 
upon laying out, constructing and maintain 
ing public highways. Highway laws. Illus 
trated. Paper.20 
Fruit Packages 
A description of the current styles of baskets, 
boxes, crates and barrels used in marketing 
fruits in all parts of the country. How to 
grade and pack fruit. Illustrated. Paper..20 
Fertilizers and Fruits. 
H. W. Collingwood. How the Hudson River 
fruit growers cultivate and market their 
crops, and especially shows how these skill¬ 
ful men are feeding their vines and trees. 
Paper.20 
Fruit Culture. 
W. C. Strong. Laying out and management 
of a country home. Illustrated. Each kind of 
fruit treated separately. Injurious insects 
described. How to fight them. Cloth.$1 
Horses, Cattle, Sheep and Swine. 
Geo. W. Curtis, M. S. A. Origin, History, Im¬ 
provement, Description, Characteristics, Mer¬ 
its, Objections, Adaptability South, etc., of 
each of the Different Breeds, with Hints on 
Selection, Care and Management. Methods 
of practical breeders of the United States and 
Canada. Superbly illustrated. About 100 
full-page cuts. Cloth .$2 
How to Rid Buildings and Farms of 
Rats, Mice, Gophers, Prairie Dogs, Ground 
Squirrels, Rabbits, Moles, Weasels, Minks and 
other Pests, Quickly and Safely. How to Snare 
Hawks and Owls. Valuable Hints to House¬ 
keepers, Farmers and Poultrykeepers.20 
Plant Breeding. 
By L. H. Bailey. (Cross-breeding and Hybrid¬ 
izing, revised and enlarged.) Contains the 
Facts and Philosophy of Variation; the Phil¬ 
osophy of Crossing Plants; Specific Means 
by which Garden Varieties Originate; De¬ 
tailed Directions for Crossing Plants. Cloth, $1. 
The New Botany. 
J. W. Beal, M. Sc., Ph. D. A Lecture on the 
Best Method of Teaching the Science. Valu¬ 
able to Students and Amateurs, being a 
useful guide in studying “The Beautiful 
Science.”.25 
The Modification of Plants by Climate. 
A. A. Crozier. Influence of climate upon size, 
form, color, fruitfulness, acclimation, etc. 
35 pp. Paper.25 
The Rural New-Yobkeb, New York, 
