TYPHOID FEVER; OR, CONTAGIOUS INFLUENZA 
IN THE HORSE. 
97 
including the intra-muscular connective tissue, is markedly 
infiltrated with an amber-colored serous transudate. In fact, 
this leakage into the connective tissue is found wherever a local 
lesion exists. As a general rule it will be found that localiza¬ 
tion upon the digestive organs does not have a speedy fatal 
termination, but rather the reverse; when these animals have 
lived for some time the intestinal tract is found almost entirely 
empty, containing only a thick yellowish liquid, consisting of 
hyper-secreted mucus and transuded serum. Traces of inflam¬ 
mation may sometimes be found on the mucous membrane of 
the stomach, but it is in the small intestine that the most 
decided changes are seen, its mucous membrane presenting the 
same changes as were seen in the large intestine—it is injected, 
thickened and infiltrated with serum. In addition to the serous 
infiltration, it is very plainly evident that Peyers patches are 
considerably increased in every direction, are elevated above 
the free surface of the mucous membrane, and not infrequently 
is it found that this surface has been denuded of its epithelium, 
which causes it to represent in a manner true ulceration, but in 
no respect have I been able to recognize any similarity between 
this and the ulceration of true typhoid fever of man. Out of 
the whole number of post-mortem examinations in this disease 
made by me in the last ten years, I have not once found a true 
ulceration, and my conclusions, therefore, lead me to believe 
that it does not exist in typhoid fever in the horse. The de¬ 
nudation of Peyers patches of its epithelium appears to be due to 
its serous infiltration, which not only permeates the whole con¬ 
nective tissue of the intestine, but accumulates between its 
two mesenteric layers, which are often greatly distended by 
it. The mesenteric lymph ganglions also take part in this 
general infiltration, they are congested, swollen and infiltrated. 
Throughout the whole course of the disease there is manifest 
a general tendency to stagnation of the blood, noticed even in 
the very earliest stages of the disease, if venesection is performed, 
by the slobbery character of the bleeding; it is this fact that 
explains the extensive serous transudation found in all the local 
