10,0 W. E. B. MILLER. 
using any good antiseptic for injection into the wound. Creo- 
line, bi-chloride of mercury, carbolic acid, etc., these are all 
good. 
Treat the animal as you would any convalescent, and re¬ 
covery is generally assured. It has been my custom to keep a 
record of all the colts and stallions I castrated. Owing to the 
loss of some of my books, the record from 1865 to 1868 is in¬ 
complete, also from 1878 to 1882 inclusive, but from 1868 to 
1877 inclusive, and from 1883 to 1893 inclusive, I have a per¬ 
fectly accurate and complete record in full. In order to show 
the rate of mortality following the operations, by the two prin¬ 
cipal methods employed, and the causes of death, I have com¬ 
piled the following table from my record kept each year, em¬ 
bracing the lists of stallions and colts only, and does not 
therefore include any other class of animals whatever. For 
the first eight years, from 1868 to 1875 inclusive, I used the 
wooden clamps altogether, excepting in perhaps about a dozen 
cases, wherein the owner preferred the actual cautery. In 1876 
I used the ecraseur in about one-third of the operations, the 
wooden clamp in the other two-thirds. 
In 1877 the order was reversed, and the ecraseur was used 
in the majority of the cases. From this time on I used the 
ecraseur in connection with the House clamp. 
In the period embraced in the first decade, I castrated 
eleven hundred and forty-four (1144) stallions, nearly all of 
which were operated on during the late spring and summer 
months ; one or two exceptions are worthy of note however ; 
the first occurred December 28th, 1871, when I operated on a 
thirteen-year-old thoroughbred stallion owned by Mr. Lemuel 
Buckalew, of Jamesburg, N. J. The day being the coldest of 
the year, and so cold that the blood from the wounds froze in 
icicles as the clamps were being put on the cords. 
The second was on February 24th, 1873, when I castrated a 
five-year-old stallion for Mr. Richard Severns, of South River, 
N. J., when the same condition of affairs occurred, the ther¬ 
mometer registered four degrees below zero at 6 A.M. 
