TYPHOID FEVER; OR, CONTAGIOUS INFLUENZA IN THE HORSE. 
195 
sooner or later must terminate in death. M. Trasbot recom¬ 
mends that the blood be drawn by making several small bleed- 
ing in the 24 houis, lather than one single bleeding, as it tends 
to remove a less quantity of corpuscles while taking the same 
quantity of liquid. This plan I have never tried, having always 
felt better satisfied to take at one bleeding from a good sized 
plethoric horse from 6 to 8 quarts of blood. 
Counter-irritation in the shape of mustard or turpentine, ap¬ 
plied to the skin of the extremities and belly, has been strongly 
endorsed by some writers, and from a theoretical standpoint, 
based upon the changes found upon post-mortem examination, 
it cannot do other than good. My own experience with it, 
however, is quite well, having always found that free bleeding 
fulfilled every indication. 
When used, however, mustard is probably the best, as its 
action is more energetic and forcible than turpentine. Counter¬ 
irritation will no doubt greatly lessen the gravity of severe com¬ 
plications that may have a fatal termination—especially those 
of the nerve centres, and of the lungs—by causing the serous 
transudation to occur in the subcutaneous connective tissue, 
where it would be harmless, rather than in organs where it 
would be incompatible with life. It would certainly be of 
great value in cases that are not bled, and when it is associated 
with drugs which would powerfully influence the circulation. 
Turpentine, when used too freely, may cause serious complica¬ 
tions by cutaneous irritation, especially of the thinner portions 
of the skin. This objection also applies to mustard which may 
cause cutaneous sloughs requiring a very long time to heal. 
In addition to counter-irritation, drugs which act powerfully 
upon the heart and blood-vessels, thus influencing the circula¬ 
tion to a markd deegree, will be of great value in the first stages 
of the disease. Veratrum and aconite best fulfill these indica¬ 
tions during the first 48 hours, given frequently in small doses, 
and carefully watching the patient for the effects of the drug, 
which is capable of doing great harm if not used intelligently. 
When the practitioner has seen his case early, and has made 
