270 
J. E. BROWN. 
other means of restraint than the twitch, after using the cocaine 
as above directed. 
In more than twenty cases of trephining I have only found 
it necessary to cast two of the animals. In these cases I usually 
inject about 1 to 1^2 grains of cocaine in solution, immediately 
at the point of operation, before cutting the skin. Then, if the 
operation is for the removal of a tooth, a second application of 
cocaine should be made after the bone is bored, before the 
mallet and punch is applied. 
In neurotomy, when the animal is not particularly opposed 
to having one foot strapped up, the operation can really be more 
easily performed with the subject standing than cast. A strap 
attached just above the fetlock and drawn up over the withers, 
supports the leg and leaves the foot hanging downward, leaving 
the seat of operation in a convenient position. Then, with the 
cocaine injected just above the point for operating, well down 
into the nerve, any animal that will stand quietly with one foot 
strapped up can be operated on in this way. 
Firing of spavins and ringbones is thus rendered safe and 
easy. A very small quantity of cocaine injected immediately 
over the exostosis in spavin may be followed by deep cautery 
with no evidence of pain whatever. 
Another operation which we are called upon to do is the 
grafting of split ears. This would be quite a troublesome piece 
of work if we could not fall back on cocaine for assistance. 
After injecting about 1 grain in aqueous solution at the base of 
the slit, on both the inner and outer sides of the cartilage, the 
divided edges may be scarified and sutured together without any 
assistance from the patient. Docking and tenotomy may also 
thus be rendered painless. 
During the past year I have been experimenting with 
cocaine in castration. In these cases, with the exception of two 
or three, I failed to get complete anaesthesia, but in all its effect 
was decidedly noticeable. 
After the injection of 3 to 4 grains into each side of the 
scrotum, the incision may be made without any evidence of pain, 
