SANITARY CONDITIONS OF DAIRY FARMS. 
465 
and even in these it is more in name than fact. And in not a 
single barn that I have been in is there any provision made for 
the admission of fresh air. 
Of the twelve barns visited four had good light, two had only 
fair light, five had very poor light, and one had no light at all. 
As a rule New England farms have good water, but on some 
farms the wells are situated too near the yard and receive the 
surface drainage, and, in some instances, the cattle are even 
watered in creeks and puddles formed by surface water. 
Keeping the manure in the cellar is another common prac¬ 
tice. In eight of these twelve barns the manure is kept in this 
way. At the farm referred to as No. 8, there are twelve cows, 
each cow with 487 c. f. of space. This barn is well lighted ; 
the windows facing the south, but there is no ventilation what¬ 
ever except when the door is open. This farmer makes a 
special boast that his cattle are not out of the barn from fall to 
spring. They are watered in the barn, and the manure is 
dropped into the cellar below, where it is allowed to remain till 
removed in the Spring. In making a visit to this barn during 
the winter, a man who was with me had to leave the barn be¬ 
cause of the foulness of the air. 
At another farm, No. 2 and 4, there are two barns. In one 
containing ten cattle, each animal has 286 c. f. with no ventila¬ 
tion and only one small window for light. The other barn has 
six cattle, each animal having 224 c. f. This one also is without 
ventilation or sufficient light. In these barns the air was very 
bad. 
At No. 5 there is no ventilation and only one small window 
for light in this barn; each animal had only 143^ c. f. Two 
out of four animals were evidently tuberculous. 
At No. 10 three cows are kept in a tightly boarded pen 10 
x 10 x 8 giving about 266 c. f. to each animal. At this barn 
there is a small ventilation and one small window, but in winter 
when everything is tightly closed, the atmosphere is fearful. 
The other day I visited a barn, No. 11; and in conversation 
with the owner, I asked him where he watered his stock? “In 
