INFLUENCE OF CLIMATE, ETC., ON THE DISTRIBUTION & 
CHARACTER OF DISEASE. 54} 
United States troops during the war with that country in 1847, 
but that it failed to spread to any notable extent. 
Prof. W. Williams (+) states that glanders is a disease of 
temperate climates, diminishing in prevalence in hot or in cold 
countries. 
Robertson (J) agrees substantially with Williams, adding 
two exceptions to the general rarity of Glanders outside' temper¬ 
ate climates by noting its prevalence in Norway and Java. 
Freidberger and Frohner (§) citing Krabbe, state that by 
statistics collected in 1857-1873, that for each 100,000 horses 
that were annually found glandered in Norway, 6; in Denmark, 
8.5 ; in Great Britain, 14 ; in Sweden, 57; in Wurtemburg, 77; 
in Prussia, 78 ; in Servia, 95 ; in Belgium, 138 ; in France, 1130J 
and in Algiers, 1548. 
In the State of Illinois from 1886—1892 inclusive, there were 
lepoited annually 13 glandered horses for each 100,000. Other 
figures of value in the United States were not available, and the 
prevalence of the disease can only be considered comparatively. 
In the New England States, which are cool and not moist, 
the disease seems to be rare and to pursue a mild, chronic course 
generally. In Maine, according to the cattle commissioner’s 
report, there were destroyed in 1891, 18 glandered animals, and 
in 1890 the same number. They claim, however, that a large 
peicentage 01 the cases were traceable directly to importation 
from Boston, Mass. 
Dr. Choate, Lewiston, Me., reports glanders of a mild 
chronic type fairly common in his vicinity. Dr. Peters, Boston, 
Mass., reports the disease rare. While Dr. Paige, Amherst,' 
Mass., reports it rare except in large cities. 
Judging from the report of the Massachusetts Cattle Com¬ 
missioners for 1887, glanders in a very mild, chronic form was 
quite prevalent among the street-car horses of Boston. 
* Veterinary Sanitary Science and Police. 
7 Principles and Practice of Veterinary Medicine. 
| Equine Medical. 
§ Special Pathology and Therapeutics. 
