55° 
W. L. WILLIAMS. 
type than in England. Leading professors, Dickerhoff,* Fried- 
berger and Frohnerf and numerous others admit the possibil¬ 
ity of occasional recovery, spontaneously, or by the aid of 
medication. 
War has at all times and in all countries proven a prolific 
cause of glanders; the fatiguing work, the great exposure, 
requently in a climate .wholly new to the animal, the scanty and 
damaged food supply, the want of proper care, the intimate, 
immediate contact of healthy with diseased animals, in close 
barracks, or at times in still closer transport ships, and the large 
number of external wounds, galls and abrasions rendering su¬ 
perficial inoculation easy,—all serve to give the disease great 
virility, and cause it to spread as a serious scourge. This is not 
all, for, as Dr. Kilbourne observes regarding prevalence, it is 
traceable in many of the northern and border states directly to 
the purchase of affected horses from the United States Govern¬ 
ment at the close of the Civil War. The animals which had 
acute glanders, and would soon have died and ceased to have 
been a source of danger, were killed, while the dangerous 
animals, those with mild chronic glanders, being impaired for 
military service; were sold in every direction, causing a wide 
dissemination of the disease. 
It has been claimed that breed influences the character and 
distribution of glanders, but this is probably indirectly. Some 
say that lymphatic draft horses suffer more severely, but in 
central Illinois, much devoted to breeding high class, heavy 
draft stock, the disease appeared far less in them than in other 
breeds. It appeared to be especially the disease of the poor 
man’s horse. The better classes owned the more valuable draft 
stock, and if one were ailing the nature of the malady was 
learned by employing a veterinarian, and proper action taken, or 
the diseased animal was sold or bartered at a low figure to the 
poorer neighbor, and the disease, with the aid of unsanitary 
surroundings, communicated to his inferior animals. 
*Lehrlmch Path and Therap. 
t Spc. Path, and Thera. 
