GLANDERS. 
9 
TRANSMISSION OF GLANDERS TO OTHER SPECIES OF ANIMAL LIFE. 
Glanders also occurs in the ass and mule, and is also trans¬ 
missible to man and all the domestic animals, except to cattle. 
Sheep are especially susceptible to infection. Goats have ac¬ 
quired the disease when kept in the same stables as diseased horses. 
The disease has been observed and intentionally produced in dogs, 
cats, prairie-dogs, white bears, lions, mice, guinea-pigs, rabbits, 
and, according to Gerlacli and Spinola, the hog also, although no 
generalization of the disease appeared to take place in them. 
PHENOMENOLOGY OF GLANDERS. 
According to duration, glanders may be spoken of as acute or 
chronic. According to seat as nasal , pulmonary or cutaneous 
glanders; (farcy is also divided into acute and chronic.) Chronic 
glanders is the common, acute the rarer form. 
INCUBATION AND DURATION. 
By inoculation, from three to live days. 
By natural infection, indefinite, the authorities varying from 
live to six days to as many weeks. In chronic glanders a period 
of apparent latency may exist for months, but even here there 
must be a period of incubation. Acute glanders may terminate 
in fifteen days, while the chronic form may continue for years; 
how many is an open question. Dieckerhoff mentions a case in 
which the disease was known to exist for a period of seven years. 
Chronic glanders invariably terminates in acute, but when acute 
follows known infection it never assumes a chronic form. 
THE MANNER IN WHICH INFECTION OCCURS. 
The infection gains access to a susceptible organism either by 
means of superficial wounds or excoriations, or through the diges¬ 
tive or respiratory tracts. In rare cases the disease may be trans¬ 
mitted by copulation. The bacilli do not appear able to penetrate 
through the uninjured skin or mucosa. The greater number of 
cases of farcy must be due to injuries in the skin. The views of 
authors differ greatly as to the possibility of infection by means 
of the digestive tract. Professor Williams says that “ farcied 
matter made into balls and introduced into the stomach of a horse 
