GLANDERS. 
13 
Iii 1869, Christot and Kernel* presented a communication to 
the Academy at Paris. They had had an opportunity to study 
glanders in man, and successfully transmitted the disease to horses, 
cats and guinea-pigs; they found a form of lower organism both 
in the blood and other products, even in cases of chronic glan¬ 
ders. The size of the objects they saw was as follows: the 
smaller had a diameter of 0.0012 mm., the larger had a diameter 
greater than the above. If objects as the above were so prevalent 
in the blood and pathological products in glanders, and so easily 
seen, then other microscopists must have seen them, but this has 
not been the case. Rindfleisch also reported the presence of bac¬ 
teria in glanders. Roszahegyi reported a special bacillus in the 
tissues of a man that died of glanders which differed from the 
Bacterin Termo in form alid being immovable, but did not give 
any proof of its casual connection with that disease. 
In order to prove that a specific micro-organism is the cause 
of a certain disease, it is necessary that it conform to the three 
postulates of Robert Koch: 
(1.) One and the same micro-organism must be constantly 
present in the diseased portions of the same individual and all in¬ 
dividuals having the same disease. 
(2.) This foreign organism must be isolated from the tissues 
of the diseased individual, and cultivated by itself as an indepen¬ 
dent individuality through many generations until we arrive at a 
constant purity in our cultivations. 
(3.) The same disease in all respects must be produced by the 
inoculation of susceptible individuals from such pure cultivation. 
To accomplish this, place small pieces of the organs of horses 
that have been immediately killed on account of glanders in abso¬ 
lute alcohol; especial attention must be given to the selection of 
material that did not stand in relation with the external world dur¬ 
ing the life of the animal. Hardened lung-tissue carefully cut 
into thin sections with the microtome, and then subjected to vari¬ 
ous methods of coloring; on account of the great resemblance be¬ 
tween glanders and tuberculosis it was first necessary to try the 
method that has acquired a specific value in connection with the 
bacilli of the latter disease ; no satisfactory results followed, as 
