16 
G. ARCHIE STOCKWELL. 
cratic mobility was not observed. In such a fluid the rods appear 
thicker and shorter than in cultures upon blood serum. The de¬ 
velopment of this heretofore unknown micro-organism, so charac¬ 
teristic in the different media, and the fact that the cultures were 
taken from seven different glanders noduli, thereby justifies the 
hypothesis that these bacilli are the real etiological moment in 
glanders. 
(To be continued .) 
EPIDEMIC VARIOLA IN SHEEP, 
By G. Archie Stookwell, M.D., F.Z.S. 
Recently was brought to my knowledge the fact that in the 
early part of the present century the flocks, herds and stables of 
America were ravaged by an epidemic of that foul disorder, the 
small-pox—from 1809 to 1820. Indefinite as is the history 
thereof, there is much that is of value. Every epidemic presents 
two factors for consideration—the relations of the malady to its 
victims directly, and its relations indirectly to creatures of another 
race, including man. In this connection it would be interesting 
(as well as of value) to know: Whether this epidemic—which 
attacked sheep, cattle and horses alike—arose coincidently among 
all three; what were the exact evidences of contagion aside from 
direct infection, and whether its appearance in any one race influ¬ 
enced its rise among others. Here are involved physiological and 
pathological problems that are greatly mooted and very little un¬ 
derstood further than the limited knowledge that accrues to the 
relations of variola bovina and variola humana : unfortunately, 
no satisfactory data are obtainable. One fact was evolved, to the 
satisfaction of the laity, if not of the medical profession, that the 
disease as contracted by man from all of these three forms of 
animal life afforded a degree of protection from the contagion of 
variola humana ; and a venerable gentleman of my acquaintance, 
a life long farmer, who yet exhibits upon his hands and wrists the 
scars obtained in boyhood from this very epidemic, and from 
sheep, as he insists, has ever remained proof against small-pox and 
