106 
VETERINARIUS. 
account of the great numbers generally present, and can be used 
for both covering glass preparations and study of the bacilli in 
situ in the tissues. 
Experimental Diagnosis. 
Dr. Billings found the kidneys in a case of chronic glanders in 
the horse free from nodular products, though interstitial nephritis 
was very marked, but cultivations from this kidney in blood 
serum showed the presence of bacilli that developed yellow vesi¬ 
cles, as described by Dr. Loeffler. 
Dr. Loeffler found the bacilli in urine. I think this test 
should be used in regard to diagnosis of chronic cases of glanders 
in the horse. It has been shown that guinea-pigs are favorable 
for the study of experimental glanders, especially bacterial experi¬ 
ments, but are of considerable disadvantage in test cases for 
suspected glanders in horses, owing to the average duration of the 
disease being twenty-six days, and the characteristic phenomena 
are sometimes rendered uncertain by the appearance of an inhala- 
tious tuberculosis; however, it is not difficult to diagnose between 
this and glanders in the guinea-pig. 
The affections of the testicles, joints and nose, in glanders, and 
the peculiar colonizing of tubercle bacilli, are sufficient means of 
differentiation regardless of the macro-pathological difference in 
the appearance of the tubercle in glanders and tuberculosis. In 
such cases the various forms of pseudo-tuberculosis must also re¬ 
ceive attention. 
It was necessary to find some animal, if possible, that would 
reach against the inficiens of glanders in such a manner as to place 
the diagnosis beyond all question or doubt. 
Numerous experiments were made with white mice, rats, birds, 
etc., but they were unsatisfactory, compared with those with the 
common field mouse Arvicola Arvalis. They must be kept 
separate, for if one dies the others immediately proceed to eat it. 
This animal seems to exceed all others in its susceptibility to 
glanders infection. Dr. Loeffler inoculated fifty with many 
different cultures of glanders bacilli and they died as follows: 
