GLANDERS. 
Ill 
known that in hot climates this equine malady acquires an ex¬ 
treme degree of extension, in contradistinction from Northern 
climates. According to Krabbe, there occurred in 10,000 horses 
in Norway, from 1857 to 1873, 6 cases of glanders yearly; in 
Denmark, 8.5 ; in Great Britain, 14 ; Sweden, 57; Wurtemburg, 
77; Prussia, 78; Servia, 75; Belgium, 138 j in the French 
army, 1,130; in the Algerian army, 1,548; which shows that 
glanders increases in frequency as we go from a northern to a 
southern climate. 
Krabbe and Bollinger are, however, of opinion that this varia¬ 
tion is due to the manner in which veterinary police laws are exe¬ 
cuted ; but there is abundance of evidence to show that the cli¬ 
mate must not be left out of consideration. This question caused 
Dr. Loeffler to endeavor to see if the bacillus of glanders would 
develop in the fluids of horse stables, and if they were able to con¬ 
tinue an ectogenous existence. 
All experiments in this direction gave a negative result, while 
the experiments upon potatoes were equally positive; hence an 
extra organismal development under such circumstances is not very 
probable. It was of importance to know whether the bacilli of 
glanders developed spores or not. The majority of observers 
have answered this question in the affirmative, but their assertions 
were based upon studies of microscopic specimens of the colored 
bacilli. Weichselbaum saw some granules which gave the appear¬ 
ance of the spores being inside the rods, and positively pronounced 
these objects to be spores. Dr. Loeffler was unable to discover 
any spores after the most exact and detailed observation of the 
bacilli , and he considers the polar coloring a phenomena of death 
of the middle portion of the rod, which had lost its affinity for 
coloring material, as has been observed with other bacteria. 
This assumption is strengthened by the fact that very old 
bacilli loose their affinity for coloring material throughout their 
entire length. A question of such importance cannot be decided 
by microscopic examination alone. 
METHOD OF COLORING THE BACILLI OF GLANDERS. 
Covering-glass preparations from glanders material can be 
