152 
A. LIAUTARD. 
ter of the syphilitic chancre. It has often been confounded with 
other simpler affections, generally of a benignant kind, which are 
also communicable by copulation, but it differs from these in the 
fact that they are unknown to the equine family, though they are 
also met with in the bovine, asinine and canine families, and are 
never accompanied with general symptoms as serious as those of 
dourine. 
History .—Nothing was known or even suspected of this affec¬ 
tion until about the close of the eighteenth century. It seemed 
to be scarcely known in Russia or in the eastern countries. The 
first description of dourine dates in 1796, and is contributed by J. 
Ammon, who observed it in the horses of Frakehnen, in northern 
Prussia, where the disease existed until 1807. From that 
period it was observed in Germany, at various times and by 
various authors: by Waltersdorf, in the district of Bromberg, 
in 1815 ; by Havemann,* in Hanover, from 1817 to 1820; by 
Naumann, at Frakehnen, from 1817 to 1818. In 1833 and 1839 
it reappeared in Pomerania, where it was observed by Hax- 
thausen, in 1840, and was mentioned by Rodloff and Hertwig in 
Silesia, and from that point its reappearance was prevented by a 
resort to severe sanitary measures. In 1821 the first description 
of the disease appeared in Austria, where it prevailed in Bohe¬ 
mia and Styria, and was described by Strauss and de Hayne. Since 
that period the disease has reappeared several times in that coun¬ 
try, principally in 1826, 1827, and 1828. It was studied by 
Erdelyi, in 1835 and 1836, and in 1846 by Pillvax, and again 
in 1859 and 1862, by Marisch. From Russia, where the disease 
is frequently seen, there are but tardy notices, coming from 
Renner in 1843, from Kersting, and more recently from Russe 
(1857) and Jessen (1859). 
It was first observed in western Europe in 1830, where it re¬ 
ceived its earliest mention in Switzerland (by Wirth and Kych- 
ner), and later in France (by Dayot and Lautour). A few cases 
are, also mentioned in Wurtemburg by Hering. The disease is 
yet unknown in England, Belgium and northern France, while, 
on the contrary, it is frequent in southern France and Algeria. 
Information respecting Spain and Italy is lacking. 
