GLANDERS. 
157 
interference in the respiratory phenomena, which are rendered 
more susceptible by pressure upon the larynx, and coughing 
the animal. It is exactly such cases which most frequently con¬ 
tribute to the extension of glanders among horses, and extension 
of the disease to unsuspicious human beings. 
Other diseases than glanders give rise to a more or less pro¬ 
fuse nasal secretion, such as chronic inflammatory conditions of 
the nasal cavities or the sinuses of the head, diseased molars, and 
necrotic processes, as sequelae of strangles. 
Haubner proposed that trepanation of the capital sinuses be 
resorted to as an aid to diagnosis of such questionable cases, as 
well as the excision of an indurated submaxillary gland, auto-in¬ 
oculation, or the inoculation of another horse, or some susceptible 
animal. As to trepanation, it is seldom that it leads to the desired 
result. More is to be expected from the examination of an ex¬ 
cised gland; but as the characteristics of glanders are also fre¬ 
quently wanting, too much reliance cannot be placed upon this 
procedure. Auto-inoculation, or the inoculation of a suspected 
animal with its own secretion, is open to less objection; but no 
correspondence in the reports of authors is found regarding this ; 
it is based on the theory that the animal having the disease does 
not render it immune to the eruption of secondary ulcerations 
when being thus inoculated. 
The results of such experiments have been summed up by 
Roell, of Vienna, as follows : “ The proposal of auto-inoculation 
for confirmation of the diagnosis in glandered horses gives only 
inconstant results, and has often disappointed me in cases where 
there was no doubt of the existence of glanders in the animal ex¬ 
perimented upon.” 
The only sure means of diagnosis is the demonstration of the 
bacilli of glanders by means of cultivations of blood-serum and 
potatoes, by coloring with methyl blue, and by inoculations upon 
guinea-pigs or field mice, as has been previously described. I re¬ 
cently examined the lungs of an animal that died from rupture of 
the diaphragm. A few isolated tubercles were present in the 
lungs; they were of a whitish color. I examined them for the 
bacillus of tuberculosis, but did not find anything ; but on stain- 
