GLANDERS. 
205 
ference or deeper-seated tissues of a glanderous nodule, at some 
distance from it, a new nodulus and ulcer develops, by coalescence 
and sequentral extension of the ulcerative processes, ulcerated sur¬ 
faces develop of variable extent and form, and are known as sec¬ 
ondary ulcers. The latter are characterized by their swollen, ir¬ 
regular edg&s and uneven base, and the presence of newly 
developed small noduli that have not yet undergone destruction. 
This indicates that the primary nodulus, or ulceration, exerts an 
irritative action upon the adjoining tissues, causing similar dis¬ 
turbances in them, and indicates that the contagious elements of 
glanders proliferate in the primary noduli and penetrate the ad¬ 
joining tissues by means of the capillary circulation. The sec¬ 
ondary processes can also appear at a distance from the primary. 
This extension of the pathological processes is especially frequent 
in the respiratory tract. They can extend to the inferior part of 
the nasal cavities or the sinusae of the head, the oesophagus, larynx, 
trachea, bronchial tubes, or even the lungs. The ulcerations may 
be either superficial or profound, according to their situation in 
the tissues ; but scarcely any tissue is free from them. They often 
extend to the perichondrium in the nasal septum, or the valvular 
covering of the Eustachian tubes, or the cartilages of the larynx, 
tracheae and bronchial tubes, and to the periosteum and underlying 
osseous tissues in appropriate localities, causing necrobrosis in all 
such parts. Perforation of the septum nasi is not infrequent, or 
cicatricial contractions and deformations occur in other parts of 
the respiratory tract. 
The processes of glanders in the mucosae are often connected 
with simple inflammatory disturbances in their vicinity. The 
noduli and ulcers are frequently surrounded with a nucleus of in¬ 
jected blood-vessels, which renders their recognition easier than it 
would otherwise be. In most cases the adjoining mucosa is in a 
more or less catarrhal condition, swollen, and secreting an aqueous, 
purulent or haemorrhagic mass. 
The quantity and nature of the secretion in glandered horses 
is decided by the seat and extent of the catarrhal irritation, more 
than the ulcerative processes in the anterior portion of the respir¬ 
atory tract. The bronchial mucosa is frequently the seat of such 
