GLANDERS. 
207 
course, and from these the irritans is conveyed over the system. 
When the disturbances in the septum nasi are limited to one side, 
the submaxillary, pharyngeal, and other lymphatics upon that 
side only, become diseased. The same occurs when glanders compli¬ 
cations begin on one or the other extremities. The diseased 
glands become hypertrophied, and upon section present a refract¬ 
ing surface of a reddish or gray color. Later on, they become 
drier and the cut surface not so smooth, and contain white spots 
or striae which correspond to the swollen follicles or thickened in- 
terfollicular tissue; in acute glanders, when the irritans is severe, 
more or less haemorrhages are present. This is the first or simple 
hyperplastic stage; later on, the glands become more dense, and 
the cut surface is of a red-white color; the gland seems to be 
composed of medullary tissue. This stage is known as that of 
“ medullary hyperplasia.” In neither of these stages does the 
cellular hyperplasia attain the degree of development frequently 
occurring under other irritative conditions of the nasal mucosa, 
accompanied by complications of the neighboring lymph-glands. 
In glanders these glands seldom become larger than a walnut, and 
the individual lobules of the gland become flattened by mutual 
pressure, but do not adhere; at this period the capsule of the 
gland is generally unchanged. 
In the living animal one can frequently notice that the glands 
are somewhat painful on pressure. If the glanders processes in 
the skin and nose heal, the supply of irritating material is shut 
off from the lymphatics, and the glands again become smaller, 
though not assuming their original size. This does not generally 
occur, for in most cases the disease is characterized by extension, 
though healing in the primarily affected parts is frequent. The 
enlarged condition of the glands can increase through the devel¬ 
opment of neoplastic elements in the interstitial tissue or stroma 
of the same, by which they become intensely hard and indurated. 
These processes extend to the capsule and periadenon tissue, fre¬ 
quently causing their attachment to the overlying skin or adjoin¬ 
ing parts. 
The earliest changes which are capable of inacroscopical demon¬ 
stration in the glands are small circumscribed spots of a grayish- 
