GLANDERS. 
209 
the same appears studded with yellowish-whitje points or striae, 
while the remaining parts of the gland are in a gray, hyperplastic 
condition, also composed of fatty detritus. If the glands are gray 
or blackish in color, and indurated, which is often the case with 
the bronchial lymph-glands, the cross-section presents a variegated 
appearance. 
Calcareous noduli, of various dimensions and shapes, surrounded 
by a firm capsule, are often found in lymph-glands, especially 
those in the vicinity of the broncliials. These noduli can be easily 
removed, leaving their cavities or surroundings distinctly visible; 
on cross-section they present a lamellated structure. It is not 
always possible to give a decision as to the primary nature of 
these noduli—that is, whether they are of entozooic origin. Many 
veterinarians have ascribed to them an etiological connection with 
glanders, without sufficient reason. Why the noduli of glanders 
should become calcified in this isolated manner cannot be ex¬ 
plained. On the other hand, it is probable that noduli which are 
not so easily removed, and which have no striated structure, are 
connected with glanders. But as the calcification of glanders 
nodules in these organs has by no means been proven, these ob¬ 
jects must at present be looked upon as of an etiologically doubt¬ 
ful origin. Large calcified masses occupying distinct sections of 
a gland must be considered as a metamorphosis occurring in re¬ 
tained purulent material. Glanders noduli undergo dissolution in 
course of time, and are transformed into a mass of detritus capa¬ 
ble of absorption. This mass is taken up by the circulation as 
well as the lymphatics; in the former case they cause direct pollu¬ 
tion (infection) of the blood—glanders dyscrasis; the latter has 
been partially proven experimentally, by injecting blood from 
horses affected with glanders into healthy ones; and the same 
fact is also proven by the appearance of metastatic processes in 
distant parts of the organism of the same animal. 
In glanders the lungs are generally the seat of such processes; 
therefore the necroscopist must carefully distinguish between 
primary and secondary processes in this disease. Secondary pul¬ 
monary glanders is a very common occurrence. It is evident that 
when a glanders dyscrasis occurs, secondary pulmonary processes 
