GLANDERS. 
215 
other parts of the respiratory tract, as well as body, will certainly 
lead to a safe conclusion. Finally, it is necessary to mention those 
chronic inflammatory or indurative processes in the lungs which 
generally find their origin in a chronic pleuritis or bronchitis, or 
begin directly in the perialveolar tissuS. Such processes fre¬ 
quently lead to the development of circumscribed centers of a 
more or less nodular character, but of variable size, some as large 
as a hen’s egg; they frequently occur close to one another, or co¬ 
alesce and form large, irregular, circumscribed and indurated 
masses in the lungs; they are very common in the anterior and 
middle lobes, and on cross-section give manifest resistance to the 
knife, being dense and hard, and present a white or gray color. 
If such changes are in the vicinity of the pleura, the latter be¬ 
comes thickened, white and opaque ; adhesions between the pleurae 
fl,re then frequent. 
Obstruction of the lumen generally follows chronic processes in 
or around the bronchial tubes; the same leads to atalectatic con¬ 
ditions of the parts supplied with air by the obstructed bronchials. 
In anaemic animals, such sections of the lungs are pale in color. 
If the atalectasis is of long duration, then atrophy of the pulmonary 
tissue results. These changes occur principally in the anterior 
lobes and in the lower and middle portions of the lungs. When 
these atalectatic or atrophied portions of lungs become the seat of 
chronic pneumonic processes, they remain small, soft and anaemic. 
It is evident that both conditions can be present at the same time. 
It is no uncommon occurrence to find that ulcerative (destruc¬ 
tive) processes have originated in the distended portion of bron¬ 
chial tubes, finally causing perforation of the wall and pneumonic 
disturbances of both an ulcerative and indurative character. As 
the progress of the same can be traced, they need not be mistaken 
for glanderous disturbances. 
It is, therefore, plain that it is necessary to distinguish quite 
sharply between the specific productions in the lungs that are 
peculiar to glanders and due to its specific cause, and those sec¬ 
ondary complications which, while frequently due to the action of 
the same cause, may either antedate the development of the spe¬ 
cific products, or even occur entirely without their ever hap¬ 
pening. 
