258 
FRANK S. BILLINGS. 
to the fact that it might take some time to regain my lost 
laurels; but, now that I am convinced of the great and only 
cause of these difficulties, I feel that my efforts will be more than 
appreciated by the veterinary profession. 
THE ETIOLOGICAL MOMENT IN AMERICAN SWINE PLAGUE. 
REPORT OF THE WORK DONE IN THE LABORATORY OF THE 
STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA FOR THE EXPERIMEN¬ 
TAL STUDY OF CONTAGIOUS AND INFECTIOUS ANIMAL 
DISEASES. 
(Continued from page 170). 
Roloff says: 
‘‘The surface of the large intestine presents large brown-red 
spots in many places, in which one can see many delicate and in- 
jected-blood vessels, as well as ecehymoses of variable dimensions. 
Other portions of the serosa are of a diffuse red color, while others 
are yellowish, and still others quite pale. The serosa retains its 
normal lustre upon the slightly reddened, or pale portions, while 
it is clouded upon the brown-red parts; the latter are sclerotic.” 
Here comes the interesting part of Roloff’s observations. He 
says further: 
“ The ileo-coecal valve extends into the lumen of the intestine 
as an elongated, dense, cylindrical body. The surface of this por¬ 
tion of the intestine is of a leaden or slate color, its continuity 
being interrupted by numerous small indentations or openings of 
the size of a pin’s head ; the crown of the valve is generally ulcer¬ 
ated or eroded. 
“The mucosa of the coecum in the vicinity of the valve is very 
uneven and of a grayish-black color in many places; the same 
also presents many clefts in its surface. The intermediate mucosa 
—between these grayish-black places—is generally slate colored, 
clouded, and presents a very irregular surface, while some parts ap¬ 
pear comparatively normal. The same changes are also to be 
found in the posterior part of the coecum. Here one sees round 
or oval elevations, varying in size from that of a ten cent piece to 
that of a quarter of a dollar, which have a black or grayish-black 
