264 
FRANK S. BILLINGS 
entering upon questions belonging to the veterinary and compar¬ 
ative pathologist, and that an accurate knowledge of the course of 
such diseases in the hospital and the field is the esseutial biological 
point upon which the decision of such questions must depend. 
In other words: 
Not only must the same germs (apparently) bo found in each, 
but the artificial inoculation of the same animals must produce 
the same effects, not only in susceptible animals, by inoculation, 
but the same course of natural infection must occur as occurs 
under natural conditions. 
Because the smaller experimental animals are susceptible to 
artificial infection does not by any means necessitate that the 
same animals are also susceptible to natural infection or, rather, 
are infected under natural conditions. 
That is the essential biological condition which constitutes the 
only quantity by which to decide such questions of identity with 
regard to micro-organism —their pathogenic action. The artifi¬ 
cial phenomena induced must correspond in every particular, 
pathologically, but especially clinically, to those occurring under 
natural conditions. 
Admitting everything Hueppe has claimed for the morpho- 
biological identity of his u wildseuche ” bacterium with that of 
the German swine plague, which, as said, applies equally to the 
American, it does not fill the bill for the latter for the above rea¬ 
sons. 
Hueppe says that the “ wildseuche ” attacks cattle, swine and 
deer under natural conditions, at the same time and in the same 
locality. 
Does the German swine plague ? 
Does the American swine plague ? 
Were Hueppe here in Nebraska he could see a large drove of 
hogs feeding among cattle, the hogs sick with swine plague, 
many of them soiling the common food of both cattle and hogs 
with their alvine discharges; all of them lying among the corn 
husks and hay; the cattle continually eating fodder and corn 
soiled by the discharges of the diseased pigs, and kicking up a 
dust full of dessicated germs, and all the animals drinking polluted 
