CHICKEN CHOLERA. 
387 
plague which existed among poultry in Italy in the year 1600, 
which is described by Androvandi in his ornithology, appears to 
have been chicken cholera. Moscati noticed the plague in Brescia 
in 1770. In 1789 Baronio in Mailand described a similar disease, 
Tytlcr observed cholera among chickens inlndiain the years 1817 
and 1818 and Searle in 1728. The disease ran a very acute 
course and postmortems revealed inflammation of the entire in¬ 
testinal tract. During the cholera epidemics in the years 1830, 
1831 and 1832, the disease was observed in Europe and more 
closely described. Chicken cholera made its appearance first in 
Russia and Boland in the year 1830, in 1831 in Germany and 
Hungaria, and in 1S32 in Italy and France, and was described by 
Erd, Radius, Karrer, Grognier, Olivier, Leboucher, Bresehet, 
Cariere, Bladder and Devilliers. Grognier proved that feeding 
of fowl that succumbed to the disease to dogs and hogs, or the 
consumption of slaughtered fowl affected with the disease by 
human beings failed to produce any variation from the condition 
of health. 
In the year 1836, Maillet observed the chicken cholera on the 
Seine. 
In the years 1819-52 the disease again traversed France and 
was described by Renault, Reynal, Delafond and Salles. Reynal 
proved the disease to be inoculable; healthy chickens, geese, 
ducks, pigeons and sparrows inoculated with the blood taken 
from diseased chickens died in 12 to 18 hours, dogs in 51 to 72 
hours, rabbits in 10 hours and a horse in 18 hours; the disease 
could again be reinoculated from all these animals to chickens, 
who died in 10 to 18 hours after. Fresh blood (up to 96 hours 
old), all tissues and fluids, bile, mucus, aqueous humor and feces 
proved virulent. These experiments were affirmed by Delafond, 
Renault and Hartmann. Although Hering, Salles and Hahn be¬ 
lieved in the infectiousness of the disease by cohabitation or mere 
contact, the results of the experiments carried on by Delafond, 
Reynal and Renault proved the negative. In the years 1865 and 
1866, the disease was prevalent in Hungaria, and was described 
by. Hartmann under the name of “Huehnerpest.” 
In the years 187 j. and 1872 the disease made its appearance in 
