402 
J. T). HOPKINS. 
In order to examine the penis, a mare should be presented to 
the stallion, which, at the commencement of the affection, has 
lost none of his ardor; though, at a later period, this decreases 
until copulation can scarcely be effected. The penis, when com¬ 
pletely erected, in the majority of cases offers nothing abnormal; 
sometimes the mucous membrane is redder, especially at the trans¬ 
verse ridges, and it may even bleed at certain points, but this is 
not a distinctive feature of the disease, being frequent with stal¬ 
lions which are much used. At other times the penis has a faint 
bluish or violet tint, which forms the basis for a kind of a large 
ecchymotic spot, generally elliptical in shape, varying in diameter 
from one-third of an inch to an inch, and deeper in color than 
the other portions of the mucous membrane. These spots are 
neither above nor below the general level. 
Other more conspicuous and more numerous spots are ob¬ 
served nearer the glans; these have a yellowish-white hue, which 
contrasts strikingly with the color of the mucous membrane, and 
their diameter varies from one-thirtieth to one-sixth of an inch ; 
their border is well defined, though not raised, and altogether 
they look like the cicatrices of minute superficial ulcers. It is 
probable that they are the remains of vesicles which have been 
destroyed. The organ is often infiltrated, and its head is so 
increased in size that copulation is difficult or even impossible. 
Some observers have noticed atrophy of the penis and testicles. 
When the stallion has been put to the mare, it is remarked 
that after the genital excitement has passed off, the penis is not 
retracted within the prepuce as usual, but remains in a state of 
semi-erection for hours; and even after this has passed, it hangs 
beyond the prepuce, soft and wrinkled, to about the extent of an 
inch ; usually micturation is frequent, and it sometimes requires 
a long preparation, the efforts appearing to be painful to the 
horse. The animal stretches, separates the posterior limbs, while 
the penis is protruded and pendant, and these manoeuvres may be 
repeated several times before any urine is passed; this takes 
place by a little uninterrupted jet, the thickness of a quill, and 
the fluid is thick, yellow, and viscid like synovia. 
It has been found to contain albumen. After micturation 
