EXTRACTS FROM FOREIGN JOURNALS. 
93 
EXTRACTS FROM FOREIGN JOURNALS. 
SUPPLEMENTARY LOBES OF THE LIVER LODGED IN THE 
THORAX. 
By Mr. Guinard. 
Two cases of this kind were observed by the author, in 
bovines, the most interesting of which is the following: This 
steer had on the anterior face of the liver a true hepatic intra- 
thoracic lobule, resting on the anterior face of the diaphragm, 
and surrounded by the lungs. It was held by a short pe¬ 
duncle, running through the diaphragm in the centre of 
the phrenic centre, and which established a proper communi- 
tion between the accessary lobe and the organ itself. This 
peduncle was run through by biliary ducts and blood vessels. 
In structure, the supplementary lobe was exactly like liver 
tissue, and seemed to possess all the physiological properties 
of that organ. The opening of the diaphragm through which 
it hung in the chest was entirely closed, so that no communi¬ 
cation existed between the two splanchnic sacs. In the 
second case the lobules were smaller, spherical and resembled 
small hepatic hernia, protruding on the anterior face of the 
diaphragm .—Journal of Zootomie. 
NOTES ON CASTRATION STANDING UP. 
By Mr. Cadeao. 
The following observations were made by the author to 
test the value of this modus operandi and the possibility of 
complications. Five animals were operated upon in the 
mode generally followed by gelders or veterinarians who em¬ 
ploy this process. One was castrated by the covered opera¬ 
tion without complications; another by the uncovered opera¬ 
tion, also without complications ; a third had a champignon on 
the right side ; the fourth also had an enormous champignon ; 
the fifth had also the same complication on the left side. 
From these cases the author seems inclined to object to this 
mode of operation, and to prefer the safer mode of casting. 
It is proper to remark that in these five cases the castration 
was made with the clamps, instead of the torsion, as is done 
by the American operators ,—Journal of Zootechnie, 
