438 
TWENTY-SEVENTH ANNUAL MEETING 
soil. That question is obscure, upon which we have no definite 
evidence that I have seen, and which, I think, we can very well 
leave to be decided by investigation in the future, rather than 
jump at conclusions before we have evidence on hand to justify 
them. 
Dr. Paquin: Just another word. I am glad to see the spirit 
of discussion, as it is exactly what I wanted. I will reply to Dr. 
Salmon’s last question by stating two experiments, or two series 
of experiments with urine and with manure. Pens of about 
twelve feet square and six feet high, where there had been no 
Texas cattle at any time, were prepared. On the grass of those 
pens was spread manure in some of them and infected urine in 
the other. We exposed northern cattle to that grass, and we pro¬ 
duced Texas fever. We had not only one case, but several cases 
from the two different pens, and from the two different kinds of 
infection. 
Dr. Salmon: Let me interrupt you just a moment. What the 
doctor stated before was that the farmers of Missouri had been 
perfectly certain for years that the disease was produced by ma¬ 
nure and urine. 
Dr. Paquin : I said that they were sure there was some method 
of transmission. As to the inoculation and the diagnosis of the 
disease, I beg to say this, that it is possible take a spleen or a 
liver of a diseased animal suffering from Texas fever, make a fluid 
of it, and inoculate another northern animal, and produce the 
disease, and in the blood corpuscles you will find the organisms 
as Dr. Smith has stated. 
Dr. Clement: I would like to say a word. The basis upon 
which I criticised Dr. Paquin’s work, as I said before, is the fact 
that he found so many germs which he considers as the cause of 
Texas fever. There must be one germ. You cannot have Texas 
fever caused by several different organisms. Dr. Paquin says: 
“ Some of these bodies appear almost spherically; others, like 
bright specks, and others like oval bodies.” He says the germs 
were found in the blood and bile frequently. How, he says this 
blood can be taken and carried perfectly pure. The fact that he 
found so many different germs in his blood and bile is very con¬ 
clusive evidence that it cannot be carried perfectly pure. 
