454 
TWENTY-SEVENTH ANNUAL MEETING 
7th. The dilatation of the posterior part of the foot causes a shortening of 
Fig. 2. 
the foot. (Fig. 2). 
8th. The dilatation of the plantar 
part of the hoof varies with the form of 
the foot. In angular, narrow feet it in¬ 
creases toward the quarters and dimin¬ 
ishes toward the heels. 
9th. Normal dilatation is not com¬ 
plete in shod feet. 
10th. Suppleness of the horn and 
integrity of the frog are necessary for 
normal and complete dilatation of the 
foot. 
a Circle. 
a Expanded laterally and shortened. 
11th. Shoeing and dryness of the horn interfere with the movements of 
the foot. 
12th. In contracted heels there is a certain dilatation of the quarters, but 
the heels not only do not take part in the dilatation, but, on the contrary, retract 
slightly. 
Prof. Bayer, of Vienna, Martinak, of Prague, by means of a circular com¬ 
pass, and Dr. Schwentsky obtained about the same results. 
Fig. 3. Steglich decided that the coron¬ 
ary band and the plantar border 
dilate simultaneously, but that the 
former dilates the most from the 
pressure of the second phalanx, 
while the dilatation of the plantar 
border is due to the expansion of 
the plantar cushion and the flatten¬ 
ing of the sole. (Fig. 3). 
Peters, of Schwerin, from anato- 
mo-mechanical deductions, claimed 
the expansion to be due to a circu¬ 
lar trajectory of the pedal bone. 
(Fig. 4). This, of course, included 
pressure on the elastic cushions 
and the convex upper surface of the sole, as in the experiments of Steglich. 
Dominick, by experiments on the dead foot, arrived at the same conclusions. 
Foringer carried out his investigations by applying a solid shoe having ver¬ 
tical arms on its branches, which heldmov- Fig. 4. 
able screws; his experiments were per¬ 
formed on the natural foot. (Fig 5). 
Adams, of Augsburg, with the same 
instrument, determined the dilatation of 
the normal foot to be three millimeters at 
the plantar border and one millimeter 
at the coronary band ; he repeated and 
verified his work with other instruments. 
a. Line of pressure ; b. Schematic plantar 
cushion; c. Same, expanded; d. Wall 
unexpanded; /. Wall expanded. 
Some twenty other experimenters arrived at analogous conclusions. 
