U. S. VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. 
463 
e. External beveling of Mayer (Fig. 18), is supposed to throw the heels out 
as the weight of the animal descends on the branches. 
/. The Charlier Shoe (Fig. 14), protects the edge of the wall below any 
genetic tissues and allows natural expansion. 
g. Articulated Shoe of Bracy-Clark and Yatel (Fig. 15), is not solid. 
h. Defy's Expanding Shoe (Fig. 16). This shoe can be used with most ex¬ 
cellent results when the horse is in the hands of the veterinarian or a careful 
operator who will avoid too rapid expansion and be ready to combat inflamma¬ 
tory processes if they arise. By means of the Defy vise (Fig. 17), the amount 
of expansion can be regulated from day to day. The clamps turned into the 
lacunae between the frog and bars should be fitted to the face of the bars exactly, 
and must not be allowed either to bruise the bars or press upon the frog. With 
this shoe I have obtained most excellent and rapid results in feet which seemed 
hopelessly deformed, but I always insist that I must see the case frequently. 
Fig. 17. 
Expanding shoes have also been furnished with screws set between the 
branches, the first by Goodwin, then one by Foures, in which the screw was set 
over a bar shoe, and one by Yandergrift with a fixed screw across the branches. 
Matin and Steinhoff made shoes articulated at the toe and expanded by a V 
spring; later comes the Roberge Expander , which is held in a plain shoe and 
also acts directly on the bars ; it only differs from Hatin’s shoe in the shape of 
the spring. 
All these shoes have their merits, and many are adapted to special cases to 
which the others are not suitable, but all should be used with caution and re¬ 
placed by a plain shoe as soon as the foot commences to assume a normal shape. 
With extremely atrophied frogs, artificial pressure can be made by means of 
sole leather, or the “ Never slip Horseshoe Pad,” which consists of an india rub¬ 
ber “frog” attached to a piece of sole leather (Fig. 19). 
