SUMAN AND BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS. 
693 
lake were extensive pasture grounds, upon which were brows- 
ing a herd of cows. ... At this I was not a little sur¬ 
prised, for although I knew that in former times cattle had 
been reared here in great numbers, I had received the im¬ 
pression that at the present time they would not thrive. Mr. 
Arthur informed me there was no difficulty in raising them, 
except the very important one of forage for the winter, for at 
Julianshaab the grass never grows high enough for hay ; fur¬ 
ther up the fjord, however, it is abundant. But since the hay 
must all be brought in boats, it was both a tedious and ex¬ 
pensive operation to gather it. Yet he managed to keep three 
cows, the Governor had 'an equal number, the doctor had 
two, others had each one; and, indeed, all the well-to-do peo¬ 
ple in the village—Danes, half-breeds and the better class of 
Greenlanders—had a daily^ supply of milk the year round.” 
Therefore, according to this testimony, the average of dairy 
cattle in this community is higher than in many better known 
localities, and the prevalence of phthisis is not at all surprising. 
Now let us look at a locality which once enjoyed immu¬ 
nity but is now notoriously a place of consumption. Wallace 
in his work on “ The Geographical Distribution of Animals,” 
tells us that Australia was the poorest zoological region on 
the globe. A story is told by Simmonds as follows, which 
illustrates the scarcity of animals in this region: “ Mr. Old¬ 
field, who has seen so much of the aborigines of Australia, 
informs me that they are all very glad to get a dog, and sev¬ 
eral instances have been known of the father killing his own 
infant in order that the mother might suckle the much-prized 
puppy.” The only animals that existed in this island before 
its invasion by Europeans were, according to Wallace, a few 
marsupials. Previous to 1788 no ruminants existed in Aus¬ 
tralia. In that year 1,030 convicts and sailors landed ; 
they had with them as public stock one bull, four cows, 
one calf, one stallion, three mares, and three colts. In 1790 
provisions gave out, and they were obliged to kill all the live 
stock they possessed. In 1796 two bulls and three calves of 
the Cape of Good Hope breed were introduced, but they 
escaped and fled into the interior, where they were lost for 
