LOUIS A. KLEIN. 
O • ♦ 
OO 
2 per cent, of the milking herd. The stable foreman stated that 
the “ milkers ” found milking- easier with the new method of 
cleaning and preparing the cows for milking and were not both¬ 
ered with “ chapped ” or “ cracked ” teats, or sores on the teats. 
He also stated that the cows were milking better than formerly. 
Of the eight cows remaining of the twelve separated from the 
herd four showed some improvement. 
At the time of the last examination, February 19, these four 
cows had recovered and the other four showed some improve¬ 
ment. The udders of the cows in the milking herd were in good 
condition externally and internally; only one cow of the 321 
showed chapped teats, and the milk of only a very few contained 
small flakes. When the treatment was begun the flakes and white, 
jelly-like masses could be found in the milk from 90 per cent, of 
the cows, and in twelve cows thickening of the mucous mem¬ 
branes and induration of the gland tissue had taken place. The 
results of the treatment, therefore, confirm the conclusions with 
regard to the cause. 
According to H. Weigmann (Mykologie der Milch, p. 123), 
the presence of flakes in milk may be due to the drying of milk 
in the opening of the teat canal or in the folds of the mucous 
membrane of the teat canal, or to catarrhal mastitis, especially 
inflammation of the mucous membrane of the milk cisterns and 
the large milk ducts. Where the flakes are the dried residue of 
milk it would seem that they would be present only in the first 
streams from the udder, but this was not always so in the cases 
under discussion, and, moreover, in several cows symptoms of 
congestion and swelling of the mucous membrane of the teat canal 
were observed. Ruhm (Zeitschrift f. Fleisch - u. Milchhyg., p. 
17, October, 1910) states that milk may contain flakes in conse- 
cptence of the introduction of “ plug's ” of bacteria into the teat 
opening. 
The occurrence of mastitis without the intervention of bacteria 
seems to be rather rare, Kitt (p. 203, Path. Anat. der Hausthiere) 
says “ only a few cases have been observed in which the milk 
from the affected udder was free from bacteria, and, therefore, 
