REVIEW FROM JANUARY NUMBER ANNALS OF SURGERY. 
By B. F. Kaupp, M.S., D.V.S., Colorado Agricultural College. 
Drs. Ross and Stewart, after giving a review of the literature 
and a record of 145 cases of sprain-fracture in the human, give a 
series of 15 experimental cases in a dog. 
These dogs were all completely anesthetized, and after manip¬ 
ulation, which resulted in the experimental lesion, were destroyed 
by gas. 
In experiment 1 the skin and all tendon attachments around 
the left knee-joint were severed, as well as the ligamentuin 
patella. The femur, then placed in a vice and the leg grasped 
with the hands, was hyperextended and twisted until the joint 
was subluxated. 
A careful dissection showed no gross lesions of the capsule. 
The external lateral ligament was partly torn from its attach¬ 
ment to the external condyle of the femur; the tear involved the 
bony and not the ligamentous tissues, showing a plain sprain- 
fracture. It would appear that the tear was due to the lateral 
twist, as it did not occur in the direction of the course of the liga¬ 
ment. 
Before this experiment a weight of 160 to 175 pounds was 
hung from the tibia, under which weight the tibia did not give 
way. 
In the second experiment the right thigh was held firmly in 
the left hand and the lower part of the leg in the right hand; both 
were now twisted and hyperextended. 
Dissection of the parts showed epiphyseal separation of the 
head of the tibia and a sprain fracture at the attachment of the 
patellar ligament to the tibia. It was noted that the tendon had 
pulled away with it a piece of bone. There was also a fracture 
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