268 
EDITORIAL. 
ents, I alluded lately a report relating to the influence of adrena¬ 
line in the solution of this problem of origin of sexes, which has 
already given rise to so many researches and been the object of 
a long enumeration of the solutions proposed. In the Presse 
Medicate, one of my favorites for good information, I have come 
across the analysis of the researches instituted since 1871 by 
Prof. T. Ciesielski (from Leopold), in which the discovery of 
the immutable law of nature according to which males and 
females are formed, is laid out. 
The experiments of Ciesielski were first made with plants, 
on hemp, which, as every one knows, is a dioecious plant. He 
first controlled the popular sayings according to which hemp, 
sown thick, would give more male stalks than if it was sown 
thin; or, again, according to which the seeds would give a dif¬ 
ferent sex by following the periods of moon changes. The re¬ 
sults were negative. 
During five years Ciesielski varied his experiments; they all 
failed, thus showing that the determination of the sexes did not 
depend on external influences upon the development of the seed. 
It is at the moment of the fecundation that the determination of 
the sex is influenced. New experiments were made and final con¬ 
clusive results obtained. 
In land of his own, Ciesielski sowed, in three different 
places, three fields of hemp; as soon as on the plants the sex was 
manifested, he removed from two of the fields all the male plants 
and had the third one surrounded with fences, leaving in it only 
the male plants. Then he himself applied artificial fecundation 
of the female plants with pollen taken from the males, with this 
difference, however: that the fecundation was in one part of the 
field done only in the morning at sun rising, and in another in 
the evening after sunset. Gathering the grains from these two 
fields, he sowed them the following year. Those which came 
from the plants fecundated at sun rising gave 85.6 per cent, of 
male plants; the others, on the contrary, 92 per cent, of females. 
Carrying the experiments further, female plants were put in 
pots and placed in the different rooms. On these a different 
