RINDERPEST AS OBSERVED IN THE PHILIPPINES. 
295 
3. Dysentery .—In the affection the intestinal tract alone is 
involved, and while the diarrhoea is present the characteristic 
odor is absent. 
4. Anthrax .—When in the gastric form may be confounded 
with rinderpest, but its course is more alarming; terminates 
sooner, as a rule; finding the bacillus would make it positive. 
5. Aphthous Fever may present some symptoms similar to 
rinderpest; the presence of blebs on the lips, buccal mucous mem¬ 
brane and the coronet would aid the differentiation. 
Pathological Anatomy .—The lesions of rinderpest are prin¬ 
cipally located on the mucous membranes of the digestive tract, 
the carcass is emaciated, buttocks and tail often soiled by fecal 
discharges, the cheeks below the inner canthus of the eyes are 
often excoriated, due to the irritating discharges from the 
ocular cavity. The changes of the mucous membranes of the 
mouth and oesophagus were not marked, save in the former, and 
then in a few instances some cases have been noted where the 
mucous linings of the rumen, reticulum and omasum were con¬ 
gested and slightly ulcerated; more common in the omasum than 
either of the former, but nearly all were normal. The contents 
of the omasum, while nearly all writers have claimed to have 
found some dry and hard, we found it fluid, with the exception 
of two or three cases, and in these semi-fluid consistency, this 
being noted .in over one hundred post-mortem examinations held 
in various parts of the islands. 
In the abomasum and intestines the most marked and char¬ 
acteristic changes are found. There is catarrhal inflammation of 
the mucous membrane, the submucous tissue is swollen and in¬ 
filtrated with serum, the endothelium is detached in areas, vary¬ 
ing in size from that of a pin point to a twenty-five-cent piece; 
especially is this true near the pyloric orifice; these areas are 
dark reddish-brown to black in color, the same graduating out¬ 
ward from a deep maroon at their border to a delicate carmine; 
the contents of the fourth stomach is serous and limited to quan¬ 
tity. 
In the small intestines the congestion and inflammation is 
