500 
EDITORIAL. 
This is illustrated with cerebrospinal meningitis. In subjects 
affected with this disease, the meningococcus is always found in 
the mucosities of the nose and pharynx. It is there indeed that, 
for a more or less long time, he develops and grows before he 
emigrates towards the nervous centers, where it gives rise to 
meningitis. Therefore, before, during and even after the de¬ 
velopment of the disease, the meningococcus exists in the nasal 
fossae and the pharynx of the subject and can be thrown out and 
grafted upon those surrounding the sick. Talking, coughing, 
sneezing are the means by which the microbe is disseminated in 
the surrounding atmosphere with the minute invisible particles 
of saliva of the sick subject. 
* 
* * 
After the consideration of that question, how can one be¬ 
come germ carriers, Dr. Vaillard examines a few diseases on hu¬ 
man medicine which deserve special attention relating to the sub¬ 
ject, and then from human he passes to veterinary pathology. 
The part played by germ carriers has been known in veter¬ 
inary medicine for a long time, and the facts which have been 
found are superposable to those existing in human pathology. 
First, then, are the healthy carriers, healthy animals which 
are bearers of germs susceptible to contaminate their contagcn- 
ers. For instance, the ovoid bacteria of hemorrhagic septicemia 
and the microbe of the swine salmonellosis have been observed in 
the first respiratory and digestive tracts of healthy swine. The 
existence of the bacillus of the Rouget in the amygdales and the 
intestines of sound pigs is an established fact. Hence is explained 
the sudden appearance of one of those diseases after the intro¬ 
duction in an establishment, of swine absolutely sound and which 
most ordinarily remain the only one free from disease during the 
epizooty. 
Second: The animals apparently and even clinically recov¬ 
ered, but yet contagious, (convalescent or cured carriers). —Sub¬ 
jects that have recovered from bovine piroplasmosis and spiril- 
losis hide yet the virus for many months and remain contagious. 
