(J64 
B. F. KAUPP. 
lary form the chicks may begin to die soon after hatching; in the 
coccidian form in from three to four days to ten days, a few 
dying each day till about the twenty-first day, then only a few 
after that time. 
The death rate is high, reaching in many cases 75 per cent, or 
more. Those that recover are stunted and do not -make satisfac¬ 
tory growth. It is probable that the disease carriers are re¬ 
covered chicks, which have established immunity but still carry 
organisms, especially in the ovary, as typhoid carriers do in in¬ 
fected kidneys or bowel ulcers. 
Coccidian Form —The mode of spread of this form is at pres¬ 
ent problematical. It is possible that chronic types occur in some 
birds and thus perpetuate and scatter the organism. 
Post Mortem —In the bacillary form the liver in general is 
usually pale, showing areas of active and passive congestion and 
cloudy swelling. The yolk is only partially absorbed and con¬ 
gestion of the intestines may or may not be present. The kidneys 
are normal in size, but show congestion and cloudy swelling, and 
the carcass is more or less pale and emaciated. 
Coccidian Form —Upon post mortem examination the condi¬ 
tions are found to be similar to the bacillary -form, except that 
there will be noted more or less congestion of the intestinal lin¬ 
ing with ulcers in the intestines, principally the caecum. The 
caecae appear to be interfered with functionally, containing con¬ 
siderable ingesta. A study of a section through these ulcerated 
areas show cloudy swelling followed by other retrogressive 
changes and death of the cells. The remains of the dead cells 
form a cheesy mass. It will be noted in many places that the 
mucosa is entirely denuded or at most only remnants of glands 
remain. Often these processes extend into the submucous struc¬ 
tures. 
Repeated examinations have been made of healthy chicks 
killed for the purpose, and chicks dving from other causes, and 
thus far no case has shown these conditions. 
Treatment —Unsanitarv conditions, spoilt feel, dirtv, stagnant 
water, improperly ventilated incubators, brooders and buildings, 
or badly regulated heat are factors in weakening the physical 
