19 
GENEALOGY OF THE HORSE, ETC. 
Under Napoleon I. very little or nothing was done to further 
horse breeding, and his hatred toward England was transferred to 
the English horse, for he never would mount an English thorough- 
bred. 
With the accession of Napoleon III. royal studs were estab¬ 
lished, and 1500 stallions, mostly English, were purchased with 
funds out of the treasury of the government. Normandy is one 
of the provinces of France noted for its horses. The importation 
of the Norman horse into the United States has been carried on 
very extensively in the last thirty years. 
In the seventh century the Oriental horse was transplanted to 
Spain, and by crossing with the Andalusians a new breed was ob¬ 
tained, which was valued as highly as the full blooded English is 
to-day. The nobility, whether lady or gentleman, was expected 
to be able to handle his horse, and the school of the Spanish step 
was the most elegant attainable. Once so rich in horses, Spain 
can to-day produce but few serviceable horses. 
The Arabians of the present day trace the genealogical tree of 
their horses to the five steeds of Mohammed which rescued him 
in his flight from Mecca. To the Arabian, the pedigree of his 
horse is a matter of great importance. The tail of the newly born 
filly is rubbed so that it will carry it high. At two years of age 
it is ridden by boys and in the third and fourth year already 
roughly used, and in its fifth year it is considered perfectly trained, 
whereupon it undergoes a trial of several days racing, when judg¬ 
ment is passed upon it. 
The stallions are generally in the hands of the Sheik. The 
ordinary man who possesses a steed is considered wealthy. As far 
as is known, no other horse than the present ever inhabited Arabia, 
and is the ideal of the fleetest, noblest and finest horse. 
In Germany the holy forests were known as the first German 
studs, and the training of the sacred white horses was in the hands 
of the priests. At high feasts white horses and human beings 
were sacrificed. According to the old teutonic belief, the saints 
had their horse in Wallhalla, which they ride. Death itself is the 
pale rider. 
When the swamps and morasses were frozen, races were held 
