118 
R. KOCH. 
2.—Tuberculosis of the Horse. 
Four cases, of which, to be sure, I could not obtain all the organs, were 
examined, nevertheless it could easily be seen that tuberculosis of the horse 
takes a middle place between that of cattle and the same disease in man. In 
places the tuberculous formations on the peritoneum and omentum bore the 
greatest resemblance to the “ perlsucht’’-knots of cattle, while in the same 
cases and simultaneously, the lungs were permeated with extraordinarily nu¬ 
merous miliary tubercles, which give them, on the surface of the section com¬ 
pletely, the appearance of a human lung supplied with miliary tubercles. In 
one case the way in which the tuberculous virus had got into the course of the 
blood led to miliary tuberculosis. Namely, the retroperitoneal glands were, 
changed into a very large tumor permeated with firm yellowish caseous herds, 
which partly enclosed the vena cava inferior and formed uneven protuberances 
towards the interior of the ven . Sections through this gland mass, and espe¬ 
cially through the knots reaching into the vena cava, exhibited extraordinary 
numbers of tuberculous bacilli, partly free, partly filling the numerous giant 
cells. Several of the knots were softened on their surface and had plainly 
mingled many tuberculous bacill with the blood of the vena cava. The mili¬ 
ary tuberculosis had, therefore, arisen here in the same manner as it has been 
shown by Weigert to arise in man. 
Also, in the other cases of tuberculosis in horses, tuberculous bacilli could 
be proved in the knots from the omentum and peritoneum, in the immensely 
enlarged bronchial glands, and in the tuberculous knots of the lungs, spleen 
and liver; and moreover, here and there they were discovered in great 
numbers. 
3.—Tuberculosis of the Pig. 
This appears to occur comparatively very often. Especially there are often 
found in the pig, caseous changes in the lymph glands of the neck which are 
of a tuberculous nature. In four cases in which I received such glands for 
examination, tuberculous bacilli were found each time, partly free, partly in 
giant cells. Besides this there occurs in a pig a peculiar form of caseous pneu¬ 
monia, in which large parts of the lung are lobularly infiltrated with greyish- 
red to greyish-yellow colored masses and are almost completely empty of air. 
I have examined five cases of this form. The alveoli were here and there filled 
with dense heaps of tuberculous bacilli. In other places the bacilli had already 
forced themselves into the surrounding tissue and bacilli-bearing giant cells 
had formed here. In two cases one or even several bacilli-bearing giant cells 
frequently showed themselves free in the alveolar spaces. It here concerned 
itself plainly in all these cases of caseous pneumonia about a tuberculosis aris¬ 
ing from the aspiration of considerable masses of bacilli. In one case the still 
fresh infection of the lung appeared to have proceeded from the tonsils, which 
were changed into deep ulcerations provided with a caseous base and also con¬ 
taining tuberculous bacilli. Once I received pieces of muscle from a pig, which 
were impregnated with numerous little knots for the most part calcareous. 
These proved themselves under microscopic examination to be tuberculous ; 
they contained giant cells, supplied with tuberculous bacilli. 
