iETIOLOGrY OF TUBERCULOSIS. 
119 
4. —Tuberculosis of the Goat and Sheep. 
I only once had opportunity to examine a lung of a sheep supplied with 
tuberculous knots and the bronchial glands belonging with it partly caseous 
and calcerous. The lung tubercles contained giant cells, with not very numer¬ 
ous tuberculous bacilli. In the bronchial glands the bacilli were present more 
abundantly. One case from the goat was also at my disposal, which, to be 
sure, had special interest, in so far that a cavity almost as large as a fist had 
formed in the right as well as in the left lung, and furnished the proof that 
under some circumstances a condition completely analogous to human phthisis 
can be developed in animals. The cavities were partly filled with caseous pus. 
Their inner wall was sinuous, raw and fringy. Numerous giant cells with 
tuberculous bacilli were found in the enclosing tissue; single bacilli could also 
be shown in the purulent contents of the cavities. Besides this, the lung tissue 
in the surroundings of the cavities and for a pretty wide space was impregnated 
with miliary tuberculous knots, which were also provided with bacilli-bearing 
giant cells. Some largish knots in the spleen and liver, as well as the greatly 
enlarged and caseous bronchial glands, showed the same behavior. 
5.—Tuberculosis of the fowl. 
This is usually endemic and not seldom destroys all the fowls of a yard. 
More or less rough, sometimes also perfectly smooth tumors are found in the 
intestines and liver of the diseased animals. These tumors are as large as peas 
or walnuts. In one of the cases examined one knot in the liver even reached 
the size of a little apple. These tumors are of a compact constitution, show 
themselves spotted whitish and yellowish on the intersection, and on the yellow 
spots are partly calcareous. In one case tuberculous knots of almost the size 
of a hemp-seed were present in the marrow of the bone of the long tubes 
(rohren). All these knots, which belong to four different creatures, were ex¬ 
traordinarily rich in tuberculous bacilli, these heaping themselves especially in 
the immediate surroundings of the calcarous parts. In the knots situated on 
the intestines the tuberculous bacilli could be followed into the villi intestina- 
lis, and it is hence not improbable that they found their entrance to the inner 
organs from the intestines, especially also as once only scattered little knots 
were found in the lungs. On the other hand, it may be concluded from this 
result, that the bacilli can get into the contents of the intestines, be excreted 
with these and give rise to further infection, just as is the case in intestinal 
tuberculosis in man. 
Tuberculosis of the Monkey. 
In the case of the monkey tuberculosis acts differently, in several respects, 
from the tuberculosis in man. It does not usually remain confinedlong to one 
organ, but at an early stage spreads itself over the whole body. Then it does 
not appear in the form of numerous little knots, which have an equal size, as 
in human miliary tuberculosis, but leads to the formation of a larger or smaller 
number of tuberculous herds, whose size is very varying and which contain, 
especially in the liver, spleen and glands, instead of the firm caseous substance 
of the tuberculosis in man, a rather thinly fluid pus, so that they rather make 
