316 
Gr. ARCHIE STOCKWELL. 
of the animal itself through physiologico-chemical changes. 
Third .—Exposure to cold, damp, excessive heat. Fourth .— 
Mental agitation and reflex irritation. Fifth .—Tubercular 
disease involving the mesentery or other viscera. Sixth .— 
Excessive secretion of bile, or suppression of same from 
any cause. 
Of these, only the first, third and last demand attention in 
connection with sucklings, since the others, occurring, are for 
the most part relative and symptomatic. The second and 
third also procure the first, hence for all practical purposes 
may be considered with the latter. 
INDIGESTION. 
This may be a product of either under-feeding or over-feed¬ 
ing, constituting improper food supply, and consequently, 
from a physiological standpoint, starvation. Continued indi¬ 
gestion in sucklings is especially apt to induce relaxation of 
the mucous coat of the intestines, and thus a diarrhoea that 
begins as a mere mucous discharge may speedily become 
serous, colliquative, and terminal. 
FOOD. 
The milk of the cow is approximately represented by 86 56 
parts of water, and 13.44 of solids, the latter embracing 4.58 
of casein and albumen, 4.03 of butter, 4.60 of sugar, and 0.73 
of inorganic salts—sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, 
phosphorus, sulphur, iron and silica. 
That of the mare has a larger proportion of solids, viz : 
17.16 per cent., with an excess of butter (total 6.87) of 2.84, but 
considerably less casein and albumen, the total of both being 
but 1.64. Sugar and salts are in excess by 3.32 per cent., be¬ 
ing in all 8.65 per cent. 
In the ewe the lacteal secretion more nearly approaches 
that of the mare, there being but 0.47 of solids. This repre¬ 
sents, practically, the same proportion of butter, and half the 
amount of sugar and salts, while that of casein and albumen 
(5.73) is in excess. 
In the foregoing we find in the proportion of butter, casein, 
and albumen, physiological reasons for the more frequent 
