HISTORY OF CONTAGIOUS AND AMD INFECTIOUS DISEASES. 563 
and Volga, from whence it spread out to Casan and Moscow, 
where it caused great ravages among the cattle and horses, es¬ 
pecially the latter. Nothing special is known about the 
nature of the disease, except: 
ist. That it was very contagious, even when it first broke 
out. 
2d. That it killed the cattle in great numbers very quickly. 
3d. That there was no known remedy. 
4th. That it spread slowly over the adjoining territory. 
5th. And that it spread out in a few years over very many 
rich lands, even with the best food and weather. 
This disease continued until, in after years, more attention 
was paid to its character and form. 
. In 1710 the cattle-plague broke out in Russia in the prov¬ 
inces of Rusar, Woratin and Moscow. 
In 1711 it spread out through Poland to Silesia, Bran de¬ 
burg and Prussia, where it raged in the neighborhood of 
Hoenigsberg. In Silesia it appeared around Ohlan and Brieg, 
and was so fatal that the streets at times were filled with dead 
cattle. From Hungaria the plague reached Steirmark, Aus¬ 
tria, Bavaria, Swabia (in Augsburg it appeared at the end of 
summer 1711), Dalmatia and Italy. 
It was brought into the latter country by Dalmatian tra¬ 
ders who brought droves of cattle from Hungaria into the 
Venetian territory. From there it spread into the Milanese 
territory, and also Genoa, Ferrara, the Roman territory, and 
then to the Kingdom of Naples. In this period Ramazini and 
Lancise wrote their admirable description of this disease. 
This disease usually began after a heavy frost followed by in¬ 
tense heat. The respiration was labored ; a thick slime pos¬ 
sessing a very acute odor flowed from the mouth and nose. 
The very frequent passages had a very fetid odor, and were 
often streaked with blood. The ruminating ceased, and pox 
broke out on the fifth day whose similarity to the small-pox 
caused Ramazini to name the disease “ oxen small pox.” Death 
occurred from five to seven days. Lancise, however, claims 
that the disease was the true “ plague,” and was identical with 
the Greek “ Nadis.” On making a post-mortem examination 
