EXTRACTS FROM ITALIAN JOURNALS. 
151 
than the right, and was retracted in the orbit, while the pupil 
was widely dilated. The animal was destroyed. 
Examination of the eyes was indicated, as it was evident 
from the manifestations presented that their condition was 
the result of a tumor or a parasite in the neighborhood of the 
encephalon. Dr. Arena had already, in a case of cerebral 
echinoccosis in a man, found an abundant exudate around the 
pupil of each eye. Bouchat, in animals suffering with cenu- 
rosis, had found the neuro-retinitis characterized by a marked 
oedema of the optic nerve and of the retina, with an exudate 
concealing the papilla of the nerve, or one of its sides. Simi¬ 
lar observations have also been made by Ercolani and Reynal. 
In this cow, the ophthalmoscopic examination of the left 
eye showed a hemorrhage of the retina near the papilla of 
the nerve, and there was atropy of the optic nerve of the 
right. At the post-mortem, the cranian walls corresponding 
to the left hemisphere were hollowed and thinned out, the 
meninges stretched and nearly transparent, the circulation 
seemed to be cut off, and the touch gave evidence of fluctua¬ 
tion. On opening the left hemisphere, the lateral ventricle 
showed a kind of cyst as large as a billiard ball, which under 
the microscope proved to be an echinococcus. 
A similar case was observed in a terrier dog. The animal 
had shown symptoms of various ailments; for example, for 
several months previously he had great difficulty in lowering 
his head, and was in the habit of wandering about indefinitely, 
seeming by the movements of his head to indicate that he 
was suffering from some violent pain in that region. These 
symptoms, by degrees, increased in intensity until drinking 
and eating became impossible, and the dog was destroyed, 
and five echinococci were found in the right lateral ventri¬ 
cle. The same conditions were present in a Danish dog, in 
which before the post-mortem there seemed no reason to sus¬ 
pect the existence of such a lesion. Yet in this case the echi¬ 
nococcus occupied more than half of the left hemisphere. 
There was such a destruction of the nervous substance that 
the walls of the cyst were in contact with the bony walls of 
the cranium. 
