560 
BIOLOGICAL REVIEW. 
months after the others, while it precedes by two years the 
growth of the permanent molars; and again, by its shelling 
off, which ordinarily occurs at the same time as the following 
tooth. It is rarely seen in the adult. 
“ in cattle and sheep, the same rudimentary tooth some¬ 
times appears, almost always dropping with the three follow¬ 
ing molar teeth, and it is never replaced. 
“ In swine, the first premolar makes its appearance towards 
the fifth month, three or four months later than the second. 
Property it is not a permanent tooth; it is very cadult and 
very aged animals have it, especially in the lower jaw. 
“ In dogs, the first premolar is also monophysar in both 
jaws, but cadult. 
“ In camelidse, the first premolar, isolated from the other 
teeth and of canine shape, is also monophysar ; but it is not a 
milk but an adult tooth ; it appears only toward the sixth or 
seventh year when dentition is completed, and in the young 
there is in its place a slight tumefaction of the maxillary, fol¬ 
lowed by a small follicular cavity representing, no doubt, an 
indication of the milk tooth.”— Soc. of Biology. 
PHYSIOLOGICAL ACTION OF MORPHIA UPON BOVINES. By L. 
Guinard. 
Far from being a sedative and hypnotic for some of the 
animal species, it is, on the contrary, one of the most remark¬ 
able stimulants. In bovines, of whatever age and size, the 
author has never observed a stage of opium narcotism simi¬ 
lar to that so easily produced in dogs. He has always seen 
the excitating drunkenness and the agitation, with hyper-ex¬ 
citability, follow each other in a length of time proportional 
to the doses. When it has had a quieting effect it has been 
only in nine or ten hours after the beginning of the experi¬ 
ment or even longer, and yet the quietness has had no resem¬ 
blance to that ordinarily described as the sleep of opium. 
In injecting small doses of chlorhydrate of morphia, only 
a slight excitation or a mere horripilation, with salivary and 
lacrymal hypersecretion is produced. If the dose is carried 
to five or six grammes these manifestations are exaggerated, 
and the animal dies during a crisis of convulsion.— Ibid . 
