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EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. 
the vagus centre, in the peripheric course of the nerve, or by a 
reflex action. It may be observed as a symptom of different or¬ 
ganic diseases, in intoxications and in certain diseases of the 
nervous system. According to the causes, bradycardia is di¬ 
vided into a physiologic, idiopathic and a symptomatic form. 
To the first form belong such cases which are brought about by 
size, age, temperature, food and work, while the symptomatic 
bradycardia manifests itself in some organic diseases (hydro¬ 
cephalus chronicus internus, hyocarditis), the cause of the idio¬ 
pathic bradycardia cannot be explained. Truffer speaks of a 
transitoric and permanent bradycardia, but it seems to be more 
proper to differentiate between a physiologic and a pathologic 
form. In veterinary literature very little is mentioned about 
the occurrence of this disease. Vogel and Nordheim each ob¬ 
served a case in a horse, in which the number of pulse beats 
were diminished to 19, respirations 15. The autopsy in one 
case proved hypertrophy of the left heart, in the other case 
a dilatation of the heart. Frohner observed in a nine-year- 
old bulldog a pulse frequence of 20 beats, and found at 
the autopsy a dilatation of the aorta close to the semi¬ 
lunar valve. Dickerhoff observed two cases in the horse, in 
which the beats of the pulse in one case were reduced to 17 and 
in the other to 12. The author had an opportunity to observe 
carefully a case in which the pulse frequence dropped to 9 per 
minute. The case occurred in a stallion 3^4 years of age, 
which was brought to the veterinary clinic at Budapest with 
the history that the horse during a day frequently staggered, 
backed and finally fell with the hind part. These symptoms 
were shown more pronounced during riding, to which the dysp¬ 
noea and roaring point. The minute examination which was 
made with the aid of all the diognostic means brought to light 
the following picture of the disease : Intestinal catarrh, copro¬ 
stasis, considerable indican in the urine, faeces acid in reaction, 
and undigested. Heart’s action strong, 32 beats per minute, but 
on the following day arythmia was audible in the manner that 
both heart sounds were split, the systolic sound being even 
doubled. The treatment consisted of the administration of saline 
salts, although without success. The patient was repeatedly 
galloped for ten or fifteen minutes at the time without noticing 
the staggering given in the history, or any other change. On 
the tenth day the horse was galloped again for ten minutes, 
after which he broke down in the hind part, but soon got up 
without assistance. The arythmia was now more pronounced ; 
