298 
EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. 
Comminuted Fracture of the Humerus Consequent 
upon a Luxation of the Shoulder Joint [By H. Mar- 
tin \.—In jumping over a low fence, a horse slipped with the 
left fore leg over a stone and suddenly stopped ; the hind quar¬ 
ters had not passed over the fence. The animal remained 
standing up, the left fore leg slightly flexed, touching the 
ground with the toe of his foot. The region of the shoulder 
was swollen. Palpation over the joint was painful and revealed 
crepitation over the entire region. The arm was the seat of 
an abnormal mobility, and when the animal was made to move 
crepitation of the fractured end was felt and heard. The ani¬ 
mal could move only on three legs and it was with great diffi¬ 
culty that he was brought back to the stable. The diagnosis of 
fracture of the humerus imposed itself, and he was destroyed. 
At the post-mortem were found abundant bloody infiltration 
through the subcutaneous tissue, the muscles of the shoulder 
and arm being all torn ; the humerus was fractured in seven 
pieces, the superior epiphysis entirely separated from the body 
of the bone and broken in two pieces ; the inferior epiphysis 
was intact and attached to the diaphysis, which was broken into 
three pieces, one of which being itself broken in two others. In 
studying how the accident took place, the author concludes that 
after jumping the fence and coming down to the ground, the horse 
slipped on the stone, which produced an exaggerated extension 
of the shoulder, a luxation, and that the entire weight of the 
body* having thus been thrown entirely on the left fore leg, the 
humerus received the whole shock and was fractured.—( Rec . de 
Med. Vet.) 
Upon the Prognosis of Traumatic Accidents in Sol- 
IPEDS [By M. Cadeac ].—Making allusion to the facility with 
which serious prognoses are made hastily in some cases where 
the lesions are very extensive, the author relates three cases in 
which he points out the error which would have been committed, 
if in these three cases the verdict of death had been carried out. 
Case No. I .—A horse knocked down by the machine of a tram¬ 
way and dragged for some distance was found with a wound on 
the right side of the neck, 45 to 50 centimeters in length, and 
extending from the base of the ear to the middle third of the 
neck. The skin, the muscles, and all the tissues of that side 
were injured, except the parotid, the longus colli, and the verte¬ 
brae. The carotid,the jugular, the oesophagus were exposed, the 
trachea still covered by the muscles and skin. Deglutition 
was difficult and so painful that the animal would not swallow 
