492 
EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. 
the tibia being entirely out of the pulley grooves of the astra¬ 
galus and was pointing inwards. The internal, lateral, anterior 
and posterior ligaments were torn and the skin lacerated. 
There was but little haemorrhage.—( Vet. Record .) 
Volvulus of the Colon \_By E. IV. Hoare~\. —The cor¬ 
rect diagnosis of the nature of colics is sometimes so difficult 
that any case has its interest and value, and even old practition¬ 
ers are surprised at the lesions that they find at post-mortems of 
cases which they have lost. We certainly think it was the case 
with the author when after treating an animal for colic with 
more or less severe manifestations he discovered at the autopsy 
that he had had to deal with a case in which the first and second 
divisions of the colon were twisted and required to be turned 
three times before the twist was got rid of. Of course the in¬ 
testines were acutely inflamed at the anterior portion of the 
twist ; the blood vessels were enormously distended. There was 
a small rupture of the most acutely inflamed portion of the 
intestines also.—( Vet. Record .) 
Embolic Lameness [By W. H.~\. —After a few remarks 
upon the facility of making diagnoses in cases of lameness due 
to embolism the author points out the fact that there are cases 
where it is, on the contrary, somewhat difficult to come to a 
conclusion as to the true cause of the trouble. He then relates 
three cases of embolism where the symptoms presented different 
aspects. In the first, a mare, which had always worked well, 
was suddenly taken with lameness forward while at work. She 
was brought home on a float, grew worse, and the next day her 
symptoms were so aggravated that she was destroyed. Post¬ 
mortem : Embolism of the axillary artery, which was filled by 
a clot several inches long. In the second case a gelding showed 
the ordinary symptoms of lamenese of one hind leg, which oc¬ 
curred with work and subsided by rest, and in which embolism 
of one of the iliac arteries was readily made out by rectal ex¬ 
amination. In the third case the symptoms were altogether 
of an abdominal nature, and rectal examination revealed em¬ 
bolism of both iliacs extending forward into the aorta. In con¬ 
clusion the author says : “ These observations suggest that the 
first attack is always the most violent one ; that after attacks 
are less serious, unless the horse is forced to keep moving; that 
colicy pains occur only when the clot extends forward from the 
iliac to the aorta.”— (Vet. Record.') 
An Enormous Sarcoma [By Walter Parkmaii\. —A seven- 
year-old horse had been slowly losing flesh, which was sup- 
