550 
EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. 
weight of raw meat, is considerably higher. In frying the 
water contents is reduced to 64-42 per cent., depending on the 
thickness of the pieces and on the length of time it is in contact 
with the fire. Boiled or stewed meat does not only lose water 
by preparation, but also soluble nitrogen substances, fat and es¬ 
pecially salts, which enter the bouillon of the soup or the gravy 
of the stew, and still then the boiled meat has more nourishing 
properties for the same weight than raw meat. The meat of 
fowls (geese, ducks and chickens) contains the same nutrients 
as the meat of mammalia, but in somewhat higher proportions, 
as the amount of water does not reach 70 per cent., and in the 
roast chicken becomes reduced to 52 per cent. The chicken ego- 
deserves special mention. It is known the white and the yo?k 
have a different composition ; the white contains 86 per cent, 
water, 12 per cent, albumen and y per cent inorganic agents ; 
the yolk only 51 per cent, water, 15 per cent, nitrogen, 30 per 
cent, fat, 1 y 2 per cent, inorganic substances. The egg in whole 
consists of % of its weight of water, and therefore produces y 
pure nutrients. Two eggs weigh on an average without the 
shell about 100 gm. and accordingly 20 eggs possess equal nu¬ 
trient material to 1 kilogm. of meat. Consequently a hen fur¬ 
nishes inside of a few days a large amount of nutrients, equalling 
its own weight ; they are certainly wonderfully productive, and 
one cannot emphasize enough the cultivating of the higher 
breeds from the standpoint of food economy. As an example, 
to illustrate the importance of the hen’s egg as food in large 
cities can be taken the fact that Paris in the year 1898 con¬ 
sumed 588,299,120 eggs, which by an average weight of 50gm. 
represent the nutrient properties of 27,000,000 gm., which is 
equivalent to 168,200 head of cattle with an average weight of 
400 kilogm (dressed). These eggs represent the same amount 
of nutrients as two-thirds of all the introduced cattle of the same 
year. 
Carcinomas in Young Animals [Dr. Goerig ].—The 
statistic as to the occurrence of carcinomas in man teaches that 
this is a disease principally of old age. Frohner also proved in 
262 cases of dogs, that only older animals were affected, wdiile 
m dogs under two years, he never observed a case of carcinoma. 
Goerig found tumors in the kidneys in two seven-months-old 
hogs, which he diagnosed microscopically as adeno-carcinomas. 
Likewise he observed in the liver of a two-year-old heifer a car¬ 
cinoma 27 cm. long, 17 cm. wide and 8 cm. thick. In another 
case, the left ovary in a two-year-old heifer transformed into a 
