556 
EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. 
tack of periodic ophthalmia. The acute troubles subsided after 
a while, but several months later, a second attack returned with 
left posterior synechia. This seems to prove that the ocular 
manifestations of typhoid fever may assume the •intermittent 
march of periodic ophthalmia proper ; but, this similarity in the 
march of the disease does not prove the identity of the cause. 
There are probably several varieties of internal inflammation of 
the eye which are manifested by repeated attacks. It would be 
advantageous to know exactly the intimate cause of each to 
be able to define better the true domain of periodic ophthalmia, 
which is rather vague.— (Jour, de Med. Vet. and Zodtech .) 
ITALIAN REVIEW. 
By Prof A. Liautard, M. D., V. M. 
A Case of Abnormal Retention of a Fcetus [Dr. Pira 
Gtovanni \.—On the 3d of March, the author was called to at¬ 
tend a cow in labor. The animal was in great pain, making vio¬ 
lent efforts. Vaginal examination revealed an os uteri rigidly 
closed, and to stimulate its dilatation injections of tepid water 
were prescribed with drenches of hot wine given per mouth. 
The condition remained about the same for three days, when by 
degrees the expulsive efforts diminished, became less frequent, 
and then everything went normal; the cow having gained fat 
and improved in condilion. On July 22d the cow exhibited 
again similar symptoms and a second vaginal exploration re¬ 
vealed the presence of a calf with the anterior legs passed 
through the os. The foetus laid in vertebro-sacral position. 
Forced extirpation was resorted to and after much difficulty a 
dead calf, dry and of normal size, was extracted. This prolon¬ 
gation of gestation of nearly four months seemed to have no in¬ 
jurious effect on the general health of the mother .—(Clinic a 
Veterin.) 
Castration in Breeding Districts [E. Bastianim ].— 
After enumerating the numerous methods of castration which 
have been recommended since Aristotle, Columel, etc., to our 
days, and giving full credit to the methods by clams, by cauter¬ 
ization, torsion, etc., the author, who practises in a breeding dis¬ 
trict and has at certain times of the year numerous castrations 
to perform in one place, has, after many trials, come to the con¬ 
clusion that the elastic ligature is the one which can be done 
the quickest, the safest and with most satisfaction. Resorting 
