636 
COLEMAN NOCKOLDS. 
found chiefly beneath the crusts which are seen at the site af¬ 
fected, whilst the spores are generally found on the surface of 
the integument and in the hairs. 
This very intense form of ringworm seems to be confined to 
tropical regions, especially those of the Eastern Hemisphere, and 
east of Africa, in countries where the air is moist and humid. 
It does not exist to any great extent in countries where the air 
is dry. 
Every veterinarian is familiar with the appearance of the 
common form of ringworm, as it is seen in the States, and the 
symptoms are very similar here, with the exception that instead 
of being confined to one or two isolated patches, the skin of the 
animal becomes literally covered ; there is present various little 
circular bare patches, surrounded by elevated zones, which is so 
characteristic of the raids of tinea ; large portions of the skin of 
the affected horse are completely denuded of hair, and covered 
with scabby and scaly centres. If it were not for the occasional 
appearance of the characteristic circles, one might be led to sus¬ 
pect some other kind of skin lesion. Usually the side of the 
face, behind the ears and the neck are attacked first; later the 
shoulder and flanks become involved. As the disease advances 
the animal becomes a pitiful sight. The circles become conflu¬ 
ent ; often there is a discharge of a dirty colored fluid from the 
elevations, and ulcerations occur. The characteristic circles 
vary in size from that of a quarter to a dollar ; the hair within 
them is erect and broken ; their centres are slightly elevated, due 
to a purulent exudation under the integument. Most of the af¬ 
fected area is covered with little elevations, on which are dull, 
dead looking hairs, with a gummy substance at their base and 
which later discharge a small quantity of sticky material, which 
dries and forms scales. The skin thickens, giving it a peculiar 
appearance ; sometimes large ulcerated patches occur. The an 
imal bites and rubs itself. Occasionally the lesions are confined 
entirely to the heels and coronet, in which case the skin cov¬ 
ering those parts becomes thickened and scabby and raw. A 
horse may become covered with u adobe ” in a few hours or as 
