638 
COLEMAN NOCKOLDS. 
where long grass, weeds and brush are plentiful; it is most 
prevalent during rainy months, but exists to a more or less ex¬ 
tent during all of the year. The most common way in which 
man becomes infected is said to be through clothes which the 
natives wash in water which has not been boiled. Often it is 
transmitted from horses to man and vice versa. It can be trans¬ 
mitted from one species of animal to another by actual contact 
of families. There is nothing of importance to be noticed as 
predisposing causes except rainy weather, and animals at all 
ages and under all conditions are liable to be attacked. Al¬ 
though this disease was mentioned by the older veterinary 
writers as a vice, developed under the influence of physiological 
misery and uncleanliness of the body and filthy dwellings and 
stables (it is quite possible that it originated amongst Filipino 
natives), the parasitic nature of ringworm was demonstrated in 
1820 by Ernst, a veterinary surgeon of Zurich, Switzerland. 
The medicinal treatment that has been most beneficial is the 
external application of a saturated solution of salicylic acid and 
alcohol, applied directly to the affected zones by means of a 
piece of sponge or other material tied on the end of a stick or 
with a hard rubber syringe. This remedy is very well where 
there is only a small portion of the skin attacked, but because 
of the intense pain the application causes it should not be ap¬ 
plied to more surface than would measure three decimetres each 
way at one time. Two or three applications of this remed\ will 
destroy the fungus, thus staying the extension of the trouble. 
A small quantity of collodion added to the solution increases its 
efficiency. Preparations containing sulphur can be used when 
there is a large surface of the skin to be covered at one time. 
The sulphuretted calcium made by boiling quicklime and sul¬ 
phur together has been highly recommended. An ointment 
made up of sulphur, oil of tar, and sodium borate, is very use¬ 
ful, but must be applied many times. Creolin preparations are 
valueless in the treatment of this affection. Iodine prepara¬ 
tions, especially the aqueous solutions, often effect a cure. 
When once u adobe ” has started in a troop or other organiza- 
