DEPARTMENT OF SURGERY. 
673 
1. Scleritis. 
2. Choroiditis. 
3. Corneal ulcers. 
4. Corneal opacity. 
5. Iritis. 
6. Cyclitis. 
7. Irido-eyelitis. 
1. Scleritis. —The indications for subconjunctival injec¬ 
tions in diseases of the sclera are not very numerous ; in fact 
they should not be employed unless the pathological condition 
encroaches upon the cornea, or when there is danger of a subse¬ 
quent development of acute scleritis. 
If in the infiltration of the sclera, the process is likely to ex¬ 
tend to the cornea by passing through the sclero-corneal mar¬ 
gin the lymphatic spaces and channels may be stimulated by 
physiological salt injections. The solution used for this pur¬ 
pose must be well sterilized and filtered. The needle is passed 
under the conjunctiva into the connective tissue that unites it to 
the sclera or the external layer of the sclera, near the sclero- 
corneal margin ( 2-jmm . from- corned), and 2-5 minims of the 
solution injected in each quadrant of the corneal periphera af¬ 
fected. These injections can be repeated every day or every 
other day, and continued until the lymphatics have regained 
their normal activity. The object of the injection is only to as¬ 
sist and excite the physiological function of the lymphatics, and 
when they are aroused to activity, the injections must be discon¬ 
tinued, in order to give nature an opportunity to remove the ab¬ 
normal interstitial substance which produces the disturbance. 
2. Choroiditis. —Two forms of choroiditis are noticed, 
viz., ( a ) Exudative; and ( b ) Suppurative. 
( a ) Exudative choroiditis is not a common disease in domes¬ 
tic animals, but however is recognized occasionally in anaemic 
patients. The morbid anatomy of the condition is as follows : 
The vessels are engorged and surrounded by large cells ; the 
spaces between them contain fibrin and hyalin ; proliferation of 
pigment cells. The exudate may change the relation of some 
of the layers of the retina, and in the last stage the choroid be¬ 
comes fibrous as a result of atrophy. 
Diagnosis. —It is always very difficult to diagnose choroidi¬ 
tis, for in most cases the retina is involved, and it is generally 
very difficult to determine whether the exudate is from the 
choroid or retina, even when assisted by the opthalmoscope. 
We must have a good history of the case, take into considera- 
